Neuropeptides that act as natural opiates include a. substance P, b. somatostatin and cholecystokinin, c. tachykinins, d. enkephalins.

Video transcript

Hi, everyone. Here's our next question. It says which of the following is matched incorrectly. And we have four different answer choices with four different substances released uh somewhere in the body match to uh a role they have for an effect they have. And we need to pick out the one that's an incorrect pairing. So we'll just walk through each of these one by one to identify the ones that are matched correctly versus the one that is incorrect choice. A has endorphins matched with natural painkillers. Well, this is the correct match up. So this is not going to be our answer. Endorphins are produced in response to stress or pain. They bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord and produce feelings of euphoria or well, beings, that's how they act as natural painkillers by producing these feelings of well-being in response to pain. But that was a correct pairing. So let's keep on going. Choice. B has neuropeptide Y matched with the regulation of appetite and that is also a correct pairing. So it won't be our answer. Neuropeptide Y is produced by neurons in the hyper hypothalamus and it helps to regulate appetite and energy balance. So when it's produced, it stimulates hunger and decreased energy expenditure. So in that case, it's part it, it involved in regulation of appetite. So that's a correct pairing and not our answer. On choice. Choice C vasopressin matched with transmission of pain signals. Well, here is our incorrect pairing and I'm gonna draw an arrow down because we have an incorrect pairing. So they will go over their correct rules. Vasopressin is actually involved in regulating the body's water balance and blood pressure. And it does that after being produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, and it then causes, it promotes the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. So that's how it performs its role of regulating water balance and blood pressure. So it promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys. So that's the actual role of vasopressin, not the transmission of pain signals for pain signals. What we're talking about is substance P, which sounds sort of mysterious, but P for pain, that's pretty easy to remember. And that is a neuropeptide released by sensory neurons in response to a painful stimulus and it then activates receptors in the brain or spinal cord. So, vasopressin regulates water balance and blood pressure by promoting reabsorption of water by the kidneys. While the transmission of pain signals is accomplished by substance P being released by the sensory neurons and activating receptors in the brain and spinal cord. So that is our answer we're looking for the incorrect pairing, but we've got one last choice to go over, which is choice D Oxytocin matched with social bonding and attachment. And that is a correct pairing. And not our answer. Oxytocin is produced by the hypothalamus released by the pituitary and promotes feelings of trust and intimacy. Sometimes it's called um uh the mothering hormone because it's released often um while breastfeeding can promote attachment to an infant. Uh But it's also involved in other forms of social bonding and attachment due to those, those feelings of trust and intimacy that are produced by its release. But again, not a correct pairing. So not our answer. So again, our incorrect matching choice C vasopressin and transmission of pain signals. See you in the next video.