Which of the following hormones is/are produced by the posterior pituitary?


a. Antidiuretic hormone
b. Oxytocin
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the hormones listed in the options: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin.
2. Understand the role of the posterior pituitary gland in hormone storage and release.
3. Recall that the posterior pituitary does not produce hormones but stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
4. Recognize that both Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin are stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is the option that includes both hormones, as they are both associated with the posterior pituitary.

Key Concepts

Posterior Pituitary Gland

The posterior pituitary gland, also known as the neurohypophysis, is a part of the endocrine system that stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. It does not synthesize hormones itself but plays a crucial role in the secretion of hormones like antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin into the bloodstream.

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin, is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It regulates water balance in the body by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus concentrating urine and reducing water loss, which is vital for maintaining fluid homeostasis.

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. It plays a significant role in social bonding, sexual reproduction, and during and after childbirth, facilitating uterine contractions and milk ejection during breastfeeding. Its effects extend to emotional and behavioral aspects of human relationships.