Explain what happens when sympathetic neurons stimulate the adrenal medulla. What purpose does this serve?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the body's fight-or-flight response.
2. Understand that the adrenal medulla is part of the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys.
3. Recognize that sympathetic neurons release neurotransmitters like acetylcholine to stimulate the adrenal medulla.
4. Explain that upon stimulation, the adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, primarily adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), into the bloodstream.
5. Discuss the effects of these hormones, such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability, which prepare the body to respond to stress or danger.

Key Concepts

Sympathetic Nervous System

The sympathetic nervous system is a part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the body's 'fight or flight' response. It prepares the body to respond to stress or emergencies by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to essential organs. Understanding its role is crucial for comprehending how it influences adrenal medulla stimulation.

Adrenal Medulla

The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. It produces catecholamines, primarily adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine, in response to sympathetic stimulation. These hormones are vital for enhancing the body's ability to respond to stress by increasing energy availability and improving cardiovascular function.

Hormonal Response to Stress

The hormonal response to stress involves the release of hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare the body for immediate physical action. When sympathetic neurons stimulate the adrenal medulla, it triggers the release of these hormones, leading to increased heart rate, heightened alertness, and energy mobilization. This response is essential for survival in threatening situations.