25. The Urinary System

Which component of the renal corpuscle forms filtration slits?

Macula densa cells monitor the ________ concentration of the filtrate.

Which of the following statements best describes the role of the juxtamedullary nephrons?

The basic functional unit of the kidney is the __________.

Mr. Gupta has been diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, which is characterized by the loss of plasma proteins such as albumin into the urine. What impact will this have on his colloid osmotic pressure? How will this affect the net filtration pressure in his capillary beds? What effect will this likely cause?

Cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons differ in the:

a. Lengths of their nephron loops

b. Structure of the capillaries surrounding them

c. Structure of their renal corpuscles

d. Both a and b are correct

e. Both b and c are correct

Explain why the filtrate becomes hypotonic as it flows through the ascending limb of the nephron loop. Also explain why the filtrate at the bend of the nephron loop (and the interstitial fluid of the deep portions of the medulla) is hypertonic.

Name and define the three distinct processes involved in the production of urine.