13. The Peripheral Nervous System

Which of the following structures can be found in the afferent division of the PNS?

Match each type of neuroglial cell with its correct function.     ​​​​

____Schwann cells    ​​​​

____Ependymal cells     

____Microglial cells    ​​​​

____Oligodendrocytes     

____Satellite cells    ​​​​

____Astrocytes

a. Phagocytic cells of the CNS

b. Surround the cell bodies of neurons in the PNS

c. Create the myelin sheath in the PNS

d. Anchor neurons and blood vessels, maintain extracellular environment around neurons, assist in repair of damaged brain tissue

e. Create the myelin sheath in the CNS

f. Ciliated cells in the CNS that produce and circulate the fluid around the brain and spinal cord

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The term nerve is the equivalent of the term neuron.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves.

Fill in the blanks: A spinal nerve divides into a(n)_____ that serves the anterior side of the body and the limbs and a(n)_____that serves the posterior side of the body.

Define each of the following terms in your own words, using 20 or fewer words.

a. Peripheral nerve

Define each of the following terms in your own words, using 20 or fewer words.

b. Nerve plexus

Define each of the following terms in your own words, using 20 or fewer words.

c. Posterior root ganglion

First, write the Roman numeral that corresponds to each named cranial nerve (after the abbreviation CN). Second, match the cranial nerve with its correct function from the column on the right.

CN____               

______Vestibulocochlear nerve

CN____           ​ ​

______Trigeminal nerve

CN____           ​ ​

_______Hypoglossal nerve

CN____           ​ ​

_______Abducens nerve

CN____           ​ ​

_______Vagus nerve

CN____           ​ ​

_______Olfactory nerve

CN____            ​ ​

_______Accessory nerve

CN____           ​ ​

_______Oculomotor nerve

CN____           ​ ​

_______Facial nerve

CN____           

_______Optic nerve

CN____           ​ ​

_______Glossopharyngeal nerve

CN____           

_______Trochlear nerve

a. Motor to the lateral rectus muscle

b. Motor to the muscles of facial expression; lacrimation; salivation; taste to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

c. Sense of smell

d. Motor to the muscles for swallowing; salivation; taste to the posterior one-third of the tongue; somatic sensation from the throat

e. Senses of hearing and equilibrium

f. Motor to the superior oblique muscle

g. Motor to the tongue

h. Motor to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

i. Sense of vision

j. Motor to muscles of swallowing and speaking; parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal viscera; sense of taste from the throat

k. Sensory to the face; motor to the muscles of mastication

l. Motor to four of six extrinsic eye muscles; constricts the pupil; changes the shape of the lens; opens the eyelid

Which cranial nerves are sensory only, primarily motor, and mixed?

Which two cranial nerves mediate the gag reflex?

Devise a series of physical examination tests that assess the function of each of the cranial nerves.

​​Complaining of muscle weakness, Delia goes to the doctor. Devise a series of physical examination tests that would help to determine if her problem involves upper or lower motor neurons.