10. Muscles

Knee extensors known as the quadriceps femoris consist of the (a) three vastus muscles and the rectus femoris, (b) biceps femoris, gracilis, and sartorius, (c) popliteus, iliopsoas, and gracilis, (d) gastrocnemius, tibialis, and peroneus.

Which muscles act to propel food down the length of the pharynx to the esophagus?

List the four patterns of fascicle arrangement used to classify the different types of skeletal muscles.

Name and describe the action of muscles used to shake your head no; to nod yes.

a. Name two forearm muscles that are powerful extensors and abductors of the hand. b. Name the sole forearm muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints.

Which four muscle groups make up the axial musculature?

Name four criteria used in naming muscles, and provide an example (other than those used in the text) that illustrates each criterion.

Differentiate between the arrangement of elements (load, fulcrum, and effort) in first-, second-, and third-class levers.

a. Name the four muscle pairs that act in unison to compress the abdominal contents. b. How does their arrangement (fiber direction) contribute to the strength of the abdominal wall? c. Which of these muscles can effect lateral rotation of the spine? d. Which can act alone to flex the spine?

What three functional groups make up the muscles of the lower limbs?

Name two muscles in each of the following compartments or regions: f. third muscle layer of the foot, g. posterior compartment of leg, h. medial compartment of thigh, i. posterior compartment of thigh.

Name two muscles in each of the following compartments or regions: a. thenar eminence (ball of thumb), b. posterior compartment of forearm, c. anterior compartment of forearm—deep muscle group, d. anterior muscle group in the arm, e. muscles of mastication,

When Mrs. O'Brien returned to her doctor for a follow-up visit after childbirth, she complained that she was incontinent (having problems controlling her urine flow) when she sneezed. The physician asked his nurse to give Mrs. O'Brien instructions on how to perform exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor. To which muscles was he referring?

As Kendra's coach watched her sail over the high jump bar, he contracted his right orbicularis oculi muscle, raised his arm, and contracted his opponens pollicis. Was he pleased or displeased with her performance? How do you know?

The muscles of the vertebral column include many posterior extensors but few anterior flexors. Why?