Graph each function. See Examples 6–8.g(x) = ½ x³ - 4
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Identify the type of function: The given function \( g(x) = \frac{1}{2}x^3 - 4 \) is a cubic function, which generally has an 'S' shaped curve.
Determine the key features: The function has a vertical shift of -4, meaning the entire graph is shifted 4 units down. The coefficient \( \frac{1}{2} \) affects the steepness of the curve.
Find the y-intercept: Set \( x = 0 \) to find the y-intercept, which is \( g(0) = \frac{1}{2}(0)^3 - 4 = -4 \). So, the graph crosses the y-axis at (0, -4).
Analyze the symmetry: Since the function is odd (cubic), it is symmetric about the origin. This means if \( (a, b) \) is on the graph, then \( (-a, -b) \) is also on the graph.
Plot additional points: Choose a few values for \( x \) (both positive and negative) to calculate corresponding \( g(x) \) values, and plot these points to get a sense of the curve's shape. For example, calculate \( g(1) \), \( g(-1) \), \( g(2) \), and \( g(-2) \).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Graphing Polynomial Functions
Graphing polynomial functions involves plotting points based on the function's output for various input values. The shape of the graph is determined by the degree of the polynomial and the leading coefficient. For example, a cubic function like g(x) = ½ x³ - 4 will have an 'S' shape, with one end rising and the other falling, reflecting its odd degree.
Cubic functions, characterized by the x³ term, exhibit unique behavior such as having one inflection point and potentially two turning points. The leading coefficient influences the direction of the ends of the graph; a positive coefficient results in the left end falling and the right end rising. This behavior is crucial for predicting how the graph will look and where it will intersect the axes.
Key features of a graph include intercepts, turning points, and asymptotic behavior. For the function g(x) = ½ x³ - 4, the y-intercept can be found by evaluating g(0), which gives -4. Additionally, analyzing the first derivative helps identify critical points where the function changes direction, providing insight into the graph's overall shape and behavior.