Graph each function. See Examples 6–8. _ƒ(x) = 2√x + 1
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Identify the basic function: The function \( f(x) = 2\sqrt{x} + 1 \) is a transformation of the square root function \( \sqrt{x} \).
Determine the transformations: The function \( 2\sqrt{x} + 1 \) involves a vertical stretch by a factor of 2 and a vertical shift upwards by 1 unit.
Find the domain: Since the square root function is only defined for non-negative values, the domain of \( f(x) \) is \( x \geq 0 \).
Plot key points: Calculate a few key points by substituting values of \( x \) into the function, such as \( x = 0, 1, 4 \), to find corresponding \( f(x) \) values.
Sketch the graph: Use the key points and transformations to sketch the graph, starting from the origin and following the shape of the square root function, stretched and shifted as determined.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Square Root Function
The square root function, denoted as √x, is defined for non-negative values of x and produces the principal square root. It is a fundamental function in mathematics, characterized by its gradual increase and a domain of [0, ∞). Understanding its properties, such as its shape and behavior, is essential for graphing functions that involve square roots.
Transformations of functions involve shifting, stretching, or compressing the graph of a function. In the given function ƒ(x) = 2√x + 1, the '2' indicates a vertical stretch by a factor of 2, while the '+1' represents a vertical shift upward by 1 unit. Recognizing these transformations helps in accurately graphing the function based on its parent function.
The domain of a function refers to the set of all possible input values (x-values), while the range is the set of all possible output values (y-values). For the function ƒ(x) = 2√x + 1, the domain is [0, ∞) since square roots are only defined for non-negative numbers, and the range is [1, ∞) due to the vertical shift. Understanding domain and range is crucial for graphing and interpreting functions.