23. The Second Law of Thermodynamics

The cycle in the figure shows four processes. Process a is an isobaric expansion at $330\mathrm{kPa}$. Process b is a constant volume reduction in pressure to $100\mathrm{kPa}$. Process c returns the gas to its original state where the volume is $100{\mathrm{cm}}^3$. If the gas does $15\mathrm{J}$ of work each cycle, what is the maximum volume of the gas?

The figure shows the cycle of a heat engine that uses a diatomic gas. The temperature at point 1 is $350\mathrm{K}$. What is the thermal efficiency of the engine?

A heat engine does 200 J of work per cycle while exhausting 400 J of waste heat. What is the engine's thermal efficiency?

A Boeing 777 jet engine, the world's largest, has a power output of 82 MW. It burns jet fuel with an energy density of 43 MJ /kg. What is the engine's fuel consumption rate, in kg/s, if its efficiency is 30%?

The power output of a car engine running at 2400 rpm is 500 kW. How much (a) work is done and (b) heat is exhausted per cycle if the engine's thermal efficiency is 20%? Give your answers in kJ.

What are Wₒᵤₜ and QH and (b) the thermal efficiency for the heat engine shown in FIGURE EX21.14?