Textbook Question
Compare and contrast the following:
a. simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
b. active transport and facilitated diffusion
c. active transport and group translocation
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Ch. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
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Tortora 14th EditionCh. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsProblem 4.7a
Tortora 14th EditionCh. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsProblem 4.7aChapter 4, Problem 4.7a
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. glycocalyx—adherence
b. pili—reproduction
c. cell wall—toxin
d. cell wall—protection
e. plasma membrane—transport
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the function of each component mentioned in the pairs.
Understand that the glycocalyx is involved in adherence to surfaces, which is correctly matched.
Recognize that pili are primarily involved in attachment and conjugation, not reproduction, which might be mismatched.
Know that the cell wall provides structural support and protection, not directly related to toxin production, which might be mismatched.
Acknowledge that the plasma membrane is involved in transport of substances in and out of the cell, which is correctly matched.
Verified Solution
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Glycocalyx
The glycocalyx is a sticky layer of polysaccharides and proteins that surrounds the cell membrane of some bacteria. It plays a crucial role in adherence to surfaces and protection against desiccation and immune responses. Understanding its function helps clarify why it is correctly matched with adherence.
Recommended video:
Guided course
02:26
The Glycocalyx: Capsules & Slime Layers
Pili
Pili are hair-like structures on the surface of bacteria that facilitate attachment to surfaces and other cells. While they can play a role in genetic exchange during reproduction, their primary function is adherence, making the pairing with reproduction potentially misleading.
Recommended video:
Cell Wall
The cell wall is a rigid structure that provides shape and protection to bacterial cells. It is essential for maintaining cell integrity and can also act as a barrier against toxins. Understanding its protective role is vital for evaluating its mismatched pairing with toxin.
Recommended video:
Guided course
03:44Introduction to Bacterial Cell Walls
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following is false about fimbriae?
a. They are composed of protein.
b. They may be used for attachment.
c. They are found on gram-negative cells.
d. They are composed of pilin.
e. They may be used for motility.
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Textbook Question
Answer the following questions using the diagrams provided, which represent cross sections of bacterial cell walls.
a. Which diagram represents a gram-positive bacterium? How can you tell? <IMAGE>
b. Explain how the Gram stain works to distinguish these two types of cell walls.
c. Why does penicillin have no effect on most gram-negative cells?
d. How do essential molecules enter cells through each wall?
e. Which cell wall is toxic to humans?
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Textbook Question
Starch is readily metabolized by many cells, but a starch molecule is too large to cross the plasma membrane. How does a cell obtain the glucose molecules from a starch polymer? How does the cell transport these glucose molecules across the plasma membrane?
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Textbook Question
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. metachromatic granules—stored phosphates
b. polysaccharide granules—stored starch
c. lipid inclusions—poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid
d. sulfur granules—energy reserve
e. ribosomes—protein storage
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Textbook Question
You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume this cell has
a. ribosomes.
b. mitochondria.
c. an endoplasmic reticulum.
d. a Golgi complex.
e. all of the above
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