Textbook Question
Endospore formation is called (a) ________. It is initiated by (b) ________. Formation of a new cell from an endospore is called (c) ________. This process is triggered by (d) ________.
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Ch. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
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Tortora 14th EditionCh. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsProblem 4.3a
Tortora 14th EditionCh. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsProblem 4.3aChapter 4, Problem 4.3a
DRAW IT Draw the bacterial shapes listed in (a), (b), and (c). Then draw the shapes in (d), (e), and (f), showing how they are special conditions of a, b, and c, respectively.
a. spiral
b. bacillus
c. coccus
d. spirochetes
e. staphylococci
f. streptobacilli
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Identify the basic bacterial shapes: spiral, bacillus, and coccus.
Understand that 'spiral' refers to bacteria with a twisted or helical shape.
Recognize that 'bacillus' describes rod-shaped bacteria.
Know that 'coccus' refers to spherical bacteria.
Learn how spirochetes, staphylococci, and streptobacilli are special conditions of the basic shapes: spirochetes are a type of spiral bacteria with a flexible, helical shape; staphylococci are clusters of spherical bacteria; and streptobacilli are chains of rod-shaped bacteria.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Bacterial Morphology
Bacterial morphology refers to the study of the shape and structure of bacteria. The three primary shapes are cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral-shaped). Understanding these basic shapes is essential for identifying bacterial species and their potential functions in various environments.
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02:44
Types of Bacterial Cell Morphology
Specialized Bacterial Forms
Some bacteria exhibit specialized forms that arise from their basic shapes under certain conditions. For example, spirochetes are a type of spiral bacteria that are flexible and can move in a corkscrew motion. Staphylococci are clusters of spherical bacteria, while streptobacilli are chains of rod-shaped bacteria, demonstrating how environmental factors can influence bacterial arrangement.
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Bacterial Arrangement
Bacterial arrangement refers to how bacteria group together after cell division. This can include arrangements like chains (strepto-), clusters (staphylo-), or pairs (diplococci). Recognizing these arrangements is crucial for microbiologists as they can provide insights into the bacteria's identity and behavior in different environments.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following is not a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
a. They usually have a single, circular chromosome.
b. They have 70S ribosomes.
c. They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
d. Their DNA is not associated with histones.
e. They lack a plasma membrane.
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Textbook Question
Use the following choices to answer questions 2–4.
a. No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
b. Water will move into the cell.
c. Water will move out of the cell.
d. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
e. Sucrose will move into the cell from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-positive bacterium is placed in distilled water and penicillin?
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Textbook Question
Use the following choices to answer questions 2–4.
a. No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
b. Water will move into the cell.
c. Water will move out of the cell.
d. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
e. Sucrose will move into the cell from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-negative bacterium is placed in distilled water and penicillin?
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Textbook Question
Match the structures in column A to their functions in column B.
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Textbook Question
Use the following choices to answer questions 2–4.
a. No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
b. Water will move into the cell.
c. Water will move out of the cell.
d. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
e. Sucrose will move into the cell from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Which statement best describes what happens when a gram-positive bacterium is placed in an aqueous solution of lysozyme and 10% sucrose?
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