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Ch. 13 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Chapter 10, Problem 18.10a

In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up: Tube 1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube 2, a 1:4, and so on. If tube 5 is the last tube showing agglutination, what is the antibody titer?
a. 5
b. 1:5
c. 32
d. 1:32

Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand that an agglutination test is used to determine the concentration of antibodies in a sample by observing the point at which agglutination (clumping) no longer occurs.
Recognize that the antibody titer is defined as the highest dilution at which agglutination still occurs.
Note that the problem states tube 5 is the last tube showing agglutination.
Identify the dilution factor for each tube: Tube 1 is 1:2, Tube 2 is 1:4, Tube 3 is 1:8, Tube 4 is 1:16, and Tube 5 is 1:32.
Conclude that the antibody titer corresponds to the dilution factor of tube 5, which is 1:32.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Agglutination Test

An agglutination test is a laboratory method used to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a sample. It involves mixing a sample with specific antigens or antibodies, leading to visible clumping (agglutination) if the target is present. This test is commonly used in immunology to determine immune responses and diagnose infections.
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Serial Dilution

Serial dilution is a stepwise dilution of a substance in solution, where each dilution is made from the previous one. In the context of the agglutination test, it helps to determine the concentration of antibodies by progressively reducing the concentration and observing the point at which agglutination ceases. This method allows for quantifying the antibody titer effectively.
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Antibody Titer

Antibody titer refers to the concentration of antibodies in a serum sample, often expressed as a ratio of the dilution at which agglutination is still observed. In this case, if tube 5 is the last to show agglutination, the titer is determined by the dilution factor of that tube, which indicates the highest dilution at which antibodies are still effective in causing agglutination.
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