Which of the following shows a correct chronological order of events in inflammation?
a. Neutrophil recruitment, macrophage recruitment, vascular changes, resolution
b. Vascular changes, resolution, neutrophil recruitment, macrophage recruitment
c. Vascular changes, macrophage recruitment, neutrophil recruitment, resolution
d. Vascular changes, macrophage recruitment, resolution, neutrophil recruitment
e. Vascular changes, neutrophil recruitment, macrophage recruitment, resolution

Question

Which of the following shows a correct chronological order of events in inflammation?

a. Neutrophil recruitment, macrophage recruitment, vascular changes, resolution

b. Vascular changes, resolution, neutrophil recruitment, macrophage recruitment

c. Vascular changes, macrophage recruitment, neutrophil recruitment, resolution

d. Vascular changes, macrophage recruitment, resolution, neutrophil recruitment

e. Vascular changes, neutrophil recruitment, macrophage recruitment, resolution

Accepted Answer

Hello and welcome back everyone. The next question says, which of the following is the last stage of the inflammatory response. A resolution B, neutrophil recruitment, c, macrophage recruitment or D vascular changes. Well, even if you can't remember all your inflammatory response stages, the name of the step really helps us here. If you're thinking about the last stage, you'd probably go for choice. A resolution, everything's being resolved. Um Even if you couldn't remember off the top of your head, lots of times in biology, names of things are very helpful in remembering their, their function or their role. And indeed, this is the stage where the inflammatory response is terminated and the damaged tissue tissue is restored to its normal state. Recall that there's things that sort of need to be cleaned up or gotten rid of. You have um edema that occurs when this exudate goes into the tissue areas. So that needs to be resolved. You have cellular debris from things, cells that were damaged in the process that needs to be cleared up and in general, just a damaged tissue. Um all the healing processes completed and the stage of resolution is really important. If you don't end that inflammatory response and stop all those signals, you end up with chronic inflammation, which can be very bad for your health over time. So let's think about our other stages. Um If we want to just look in general and remember the steps of the inflammatory response, we start with vascular changes, which of course include vasodilation and increased permeability. And this is just sort of preparing it so that all these cells that are going to have to come to do all these functions in the inflammatory response are able to get to where they need to be the blood vessel dilates to allow more blood flow, the vessels become more permeable. So these cells can squeeze through to the site of injury. So vascular changes will be step one and therefore not our answer after these vascular changes. The next thing that happens is the steps of leukocyte recruitment. So all these messengers are sent out these chemokines, um and histamine and things like that that are signaling the body. Hey, send help, get these guys over here. So we have two types of leukocytes involved in this response here, neutrophils and macrophages. Um we can cross them both out. We don't need to remember the specific order because we know that resolution comes after this stage, whatever here, resolution after leukocyte re recruitment. But um if you had, if you were asked specifically to put these in order you put neutrophil recruitment first neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte. They're in circulation in the bodies. They're always around and you can sort of think of them. I put in quotation marks as the first responders of the leukocytes, but they're not the last stage for sure. And then do I see macrophage recruitment? Um These are coming along pretty shortly. There are macrophages. The macrophages are matured forms of monocytes. So it's actually the monocytes that are attracted to the area of injury and then they mature into macrophages that can perform phagocytosis when they arrive at the site. But again, the neutrophils tend to be there first and then macrophages. But again, they're both part of this larger step of leukocyte recruitment. So they're not the last step. They're that middle process. So once again, the last stage of the inflammatory response is choice a resolution. See you in the next video.

Verified Solution

Key Concepts

Inflammation Process

Vascular Changes

Cell Recruitment