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Ch. 11 - Innate Immunity
All textbooksNorman-McKay 2nd EditionCh. 11 - Innate ImmunityProblem 11.22a
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Chapter 10, Problem 11.22a

Which of the following are formed elements of the blood? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)
a. Platelet
b. Leukocyte
c. Plasma
d. Erythrocyte
e. Complement proteins

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Understand the term 'formed elements of the blood'. These are the cellular components of blood, as opposed to the liquid component, which is plasma.
Identify the options that are cellular components. Formed elements include cells and cell fragments found in the blood.
Option a: Platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting, thus they are considered formed elements.
Option b: Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are involved in the immune response and are considered formed elements.
Option d: Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are responsible for oxygen transport and are considered formed elements.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Formed Elements of Blood

Formed elements of blood refer to the cellular components that are suspended in plasma. These include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets (thrombocytes). Each of these elements plays a crucial role in bodily functions, such as oxygen transport, immune response, and blood clotting.
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Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are the most abundant formed elements in blood. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returning carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. Their unique biconcave shape increases surface area for gas exchange and allows for flexibility in navigating through blood vessels.
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Leukocytes and Platelets

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are essential for the immune system, helping to defend the body against infections and foreign invaders. Platelets are small cell fragments that play a critical role in hemostasis, the process of blood clotting. Together, leukocytes and platelets, along with erythrocytes, constitute the formed elements of blood, each contributing to overall health and homeostasis.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Pick which statements are true, then correct all false statements, so they are also true.

a. Redness, pain, fever, and swelling characterize inflammation.

b. Granulocytes include monocytes and lymphocytes.

c. Pyrogens induce fever.

d. Adaptive and innate immune responses are completely independent from one another.

e. The innate immune responses occur faster than adaptive responses.

f. Monocytes are highly phagocytic cells.

g. Complement cascades share the same outcomes: opsonization, cytolysis, and fever.

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Textbook Question

Select all the false statements about fever.

a. It is generated by pyrogens.

b. It is an innate immune defense.

c. It is accompanied by a decrease in metabolism.

d. It can be reduced by anti-inflammatory drugs.

e. It can accompany inflammation.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following is a chemical defense found in tears? Select all that apply.

a. Water

b. Lysozyme

c. Antimicrobial peptides

d. Neutrophils

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Textbook Question

Match the following fever terms to their proper definition; not all definitions will be used.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following would most directly reduce fever? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. Limiting the number of circulating white blood cells

b. Reducing eicosanoid production

c. Inhibiting pyrogenic cytokines

d. Stimulating the action of prostaglandins

e. Administering antihistamines

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Textbook Question

Which of the following would you expect to see in acute infection by a Gram-negative bacterium? Select all that apply. (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. Pyrexia

b. Decreased lymphocytes

c. Neutrophilic lymphocytosis

d. Decreased monocytes

e. Increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines

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