Which of the following molecules contain aldehyde or ketone functional groups? You may want to refer to Table 15.1, Table 12.1, and Figure 15.3 to help in your identification. Copy the formulas and circle these functional groups.

a. Prostaglandin E₁
b. Testosterone (a male hormone)
c. Vanillin (a flavoring agent)
d. C₄H₉COCH₃
e. C₄H₉CHO

Question

Which of the following molecules contain aldehyde or ketone functional groups? You may want to refer to Table 15.1, Table 12.1, and Figure 15.3 to help in your identification. Copy the formulas and circle these functional groups.

a. Prostaglandin E₁

b. Testosterone (a male hormone)

c. Vanillin (a flavoring agent)

d. C₄H₉COCH₃

e. C₄H₉CHO

Accepted Answer

All right. Hi, everyone. So this question says to identify the molecules that contain aldehyde or ketone functional groups, encircle the ketone or aldehyde functional groups. And in this case, we have five different molecules, three of which are presented as line structures and two of which are presented as condensed structural formulas. So the first thing I want to do here after I scroll down is distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone using line structures. Recall that both aldehydes and ketones are characterized by the presence of a carbonel or a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom. Now, a ketone has two R groups or two carbon chains on either side of the carbon carbon. On the other hand, an aldehyde has at least one hydrogen attached directly to the car bono carbon. And the way that I like to remember this is by pointing out here that the word aldehyde has an H in it. So if there's an H in the name, there's an H in the structure connecting to the car bono carbon. So in this case, if I scroll up one more time to consider the three line structures provided the easiest thing to do is to go ahead and locate the carbo present in these compounds. For part A, we have vitamin B six or for part one, excuse me. So in the case of molecule one here, I can see one car bal towards the top of the structure itself. So ill go ahead and circle it and notice how there is, in fact, a hydrogen attached directly to the carbon carbon. Meaning that vitamin B six contains an aldehyde functional group. Now, on the other hand, molecule two, which is progesterone actually contains two car bals. So I'm going to go ahead and circle them both before we identify whether they're all the hides or kilts. So we have two car bal one towards the left side and another towards the right side. No, on the left side of the structure of progesterone. The car bono here is inside of a six member ring, meaning that there are carbon atoms on either side of the carbo, meaning that the first car bal on the left side is a key to. And so is the one on the right actually because even though the carbonel on the right side is not part of a ring structure, there are still carbon atoms on either side of it. So in this case, progesterone has two ketone functional groups. And then for part three, we have the structure of Cashmere Kashmir in only has one car bottle on the top. And that particular car bal has our groups or carbon atoms attached directly to the carbonel on either side. So Kashmir in contains a ketone functional group that leaves us with structures four and five, both of which are condensed structural formulas. So very briefly, before we talk about four and five, I want to distinguish between a ketone and an aldehyde as shown in a condensed structural formula. The trick here is to look for specific patterns in the condensed structure. In the case of an aldehyde, all the hides are abbreviated as R cho where R is any group or carbon chain. Now, a key to on the other hand is abbreviated as RCOR where the co represents the car bal and it is in between two R groups or all kill groups. So with this in mind, let me scroll up one more time to consider molecules four and five. Molecule four contains the car bal. We have co in the structure itself and on either side of this car bal are carbon atoms or our groups. So this confirms the fact that molecule four is in fact a key to and when I consider the structure for molecule five at the very end of the carbon chain, I can see the abbreviation CHO and co indicates that molecule five is an aldehyde and there you have it. So here is your final answer. So in this case, molecules one and five had one aldehyde group, each molecules three and four had one ketone group each and molecule two had two ketone functional groups. So with that being said, thank you so very much for watching. And I hope you found this helpful.

Verified Solution

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Aldehydes

Ketones