Provide the products for each of the following condensation reactions:

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Identify the functional groups involved in the condensation reaction. Typically, these are carboxylic acids and alcohols or amines.

Determine the type of condensation reaction: esterification (carboxylic acid + alcohol) or amide formation (carboxylic acid + amine).

For esterification, the hydroxyl group (OH) from the carboxylic acid and the hydrogen (H) from the alcohol combine to form water (H2O).

For amide formation, the hydroxyl group (OH) from the carboxylic acid and the hydrogen (H) from the amine combine to form water (H2O).

Write the structural formula of the product, which is an ester or an amide, depending on the reactants, and ensure the removal of water is shown in the reaction.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Condensation Reaction

A condensation reaction is a chemical process where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, typically with the loss of a small molecule such as water. This type of reaction is fundamental in organic chemistry, particularly in the formation of polymers and larger organic compounds. Understanding the mechanism of condensation reactions is crucial for predicting the products formed in various chemical scenarios.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In condensation reactions, the presence of certain functional groups, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, or amines, can significantly influence the products formed. Identifying these groups helps in predicting the outcome of the reaction and the nature of the resulting compounds.

Reaction Mechanism

The reaction mechanism describes the step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. In condensation reactions, understanding the mechanism allows chemists to predict the formation of intermediates and the final products. This knowledge is essential for manipulating reaction conditions to favor desired outcomes in synthetic chemistry.