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Ch. 2 - Mitosis and Meiosis
All textbooksKlug 12th EditionCh. 2 - Mitosis and MeiosisProblem 25
Chapter 2, Problem 25

For Problems 25–30, consider a diploid cell that contains three pairs of chromosomes designated AA, BB, and CC. Each pair contains a maternal and a paternal member (e.g., A^m and A^p). Using these designations, demonstrate your understanding of mitosis and meiosis by drawing chromatid combinations as requested. Be sure to indicate when chromatids are paired as a result of replication and/or synapsis. You may wish to use a large piece of brown manila wrapping paper or a cut-up paper grocery bag for this project and to work in partnership with another student. We recommend cooperative learning as an efficacious way to develop the skills you will need for solving the problems presented throughout this text. In mitosis, what chromatid combination(s) will be present during metaphase? What combination(s) will be present at each pole at the completion of anaphase?

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Identify the chromosome pairs in the diploid cell: AA, BB, and CC, each with a maternal and paternal member (e.g., A^m and A^p).
During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes align at the metaphase plate. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. Therefore, the combinations will be A^mA^m, A^pA^p, B^mB^m, B^pB^p, C^mC^m, and C^pC^p.
During anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles. Each chromatid becomes an individual chromosome. Therefore, at each pole, you will have one of each chromatid: A^m, A^p, B^m, B^p, C^m, and C^p.
Ensure that each pole receives one chromatid from each original chromosome pair, maintaining the diploid number of chromosomes.
Visualize or draw the process to reinforce understanding, showing the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase and their distribution to each pole.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Mitosis

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. It consists of several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and during anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles. Understanding these phases is crucial for analyzing chromatid combinations at different stages.
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Chromatid Pairing

Chromatid pairing occurs when chromosomes replicate during the S phase of the cell cycle, resulting in two identical sister chromatids for each chromosome. In diploid cells, these chromatids consist of one maternal and one paternal chromatid. During metaphase of mitosis, these paired chromatids align at the metaphase plate, and their separation during anaphase ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
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Chromosome Segregation

Chromosome segregation is the process by which chromosomes are distributed into daughter cells during cell division. In mitosis, this occurs during anaphase when the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. Proper segregation is essential for maintaining genetic stability, as errors can lead to aneuploidy, where daughter cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes. Understanding this concept is vital for predicting chromatid combinations at the end of mitosis.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
In the wasp Bracon hebetor, a form of parthenogenesis (the development of unfertilized eggs into progeny) resulting in haploid organisms is not uncommon. All haploids are males. When offspring arise from fertilization, females almost invariably result. P. W. Whiting has shown that an X-linked gene with nine multiple alleles (Xₐ, Xb, etc.) controls sex determination. Any homozygous or hemizygous condition results in males, and any heterozygous condition results in females. If an Xₐ/Xb female mates with an Xₐ male and lays 50 percent fertilized and 50 percent unfertilized eggs, what proportion of male and female offspring will result?
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Textbook Question
If one follows 50 primary oocytes in an animal through their various stages of oogenesis, how many secondary oocytes would be formed? How many first polar bodies would be formed? How many ootids would be formed? If one follows 50 primary spermatocytes in an animal through their various stages of spermatogenesis, how many secondary spermatocytes would be formed? How many spermatids would be formed?
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Textbook Question
A woman who sought genetic counseling is found to be heterozygous for a chromosomal rearrangement between the second and third chromosomes. Her chromosomes, compared to those in a normal karyotype, are diagrammed to the right. Using a drawing, demonstrate how these chromosomes would pair during meiosis. Be sure to label the different segments of the chromosomes.
296
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Textbook Question
For Problems 25–30, consider a diploid cell that contains three pairs of chromosomes designated AA, BB, and CC. Each pair contains a maternal and a paternal member (e.g., A^m and A^p). Using these designations, demonstrate your understanding of mitosis and meiosis by drawing chromatid combinations as requested. Be sure to indicate when chromatids are paired as a result of replication and/or synapsis. You may wish to use a large piece of brown manila wrapping paper or a cut-up paper grocery bag for this project and to work in partnership with another student. We recommend cooperative learning as an efficacious way to develop the skills you will need for solving the problems presented throughout this text. During meiosis I, assuming no crossing over, what chromatid combination(s) will be present at the completion of prophase I? Draw all possible alignments of chromatids as migration begins during early anaphase.
353
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Textbook Question
For Problems 25–30, consider a diploid cell that contains three pairs of chromosomes designated AA, BB, and CC. Each pair contains a maternal and a paternal member (e.g., A^m and A^p). Using these designations, demonstrate your understanding of mitosis and meiosis by drawing chromatid combinations as requested. Be sure to indicate when chromatids are paired as a result of replication and/or synapsis. You may wish to use a large piece of brown manila wrapping paper or a cut-up paper grocery bag for this project and to work in partnership with another student. We recommend cooperative learning as an efficacious way to develop the skills you will need for solving the problems presented throughout this text. Are there any possible combinations present during prophase of meiosis II other than those that you drew in Problem 26? If so, draw them.
376
views
Textbook Question
For Problems 25–30, consider a diploid cell that contains three pairs of chromosomes designated AA, BB, and CC. Each pair contains a maternal and a paternal member (e.g., A^m and A^p). Using these designations, demonstrate your understanding of mitosis and meiosis by drawing chromatid combinations as requested. Be sure to indicate when chromatids are paired as a result of replication and/or synapsis. You may wish to use a large piece of brown manila wrapping paper or a cut-up paper grocery bag for this project and to work in partnership with another student. We recommend cooperative learning as an efficacious way to develop the skills you will need for solving the problems presented throughout this text. Draw all possible combinations of chromatids during the early phases of anaphase in meiosis II.
296
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