Textbook Question
Explain how the following mutations would affect transcription of the yeast GAL1 gene in the presence of galactose.
A deletion of one of the four UASG elements upstream from the GAL1 gene.
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Ch. 17+18 - Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes
Chapter 17, Problem 22
Explain how the following mutations would affect transcription of the yeast GAL1 gene in the presence of galactose.
A deletion of the entire GAL3 gene.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of the GAL3 gene in yeast. GAL3 is involved in the activation of the GAL gene system, which includes GAL1, in the presence of galactose.
Recognize that GAL3 encodes a protein that helps in the conversion of galactose into a form that can activate the transcription of GAL genes.
Consider the effect of deleting the entire GAL3 gene. Without GAL3, the yeast cell cannot properly sense the presence of galactose, which is necessary for the activation of GAL1 transcription.
Analyze the impact on transcription. Without the GAL3 protein, the GAL gene system, including GAL1, would not be activated in the presence of galactose, leading to reduced or no transcription of GAL1.
Conclude that the deletion of GAL3 would result in the inability of yeast to metabolize galactose efficiently, as GAL1 transcription is crucial for this process.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
GAL1 Gene Function
The GAL1 gene in yeast encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of galactose. Its expression is tightly regulated by the presence of galactose, which acts as an inducer. Understanding the role of GAL1 is crucial for analyzing how mutations affect its transcription, particularly in response to galactose.
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Functional Genomics
GAL3 Gene Role
The GAL3 gene encodes a protein that plays a key role in the regulation of the GAL gene cluster, including GAL1. It acts as a sensor for galactose, facilitating the activation of transcription when galactose is present. A deletion of GAL3 would disrupt this regulatory mechanism, leading to altered transcription levels of GAL1.
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11:19Segmentation Genes
Transcription Regulation in Yeast
Transcription regulation in yeast involves various proteins and signaling pathways that respond to environmental cues, such as the availability of sugars. In the case of the GAL genes, the presence of galactose triggers a cascade that enhances transcription. Understanding this regulatory network is essential for predicting the effects of mutations on gene expression.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What role do ubiquitin ligases play in the regulation of gene expression?
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Textbook Question
Explain how the following mutations would affect transcription of the yeast GAL1 gene in the presence of galactose.
A deletion within the GAL4 gene that removes the region encoding amino acids 1 to 100.
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Textbook Question
Much of what we know about gene interactions in development has been learned using nematodes, yeast, flies, and bacteria. This is due, in part, to the relative ease of genetic manipulation of these well-characterized genomes. However, of great interest are gene interactions involving complex diseases in humans. Wang and White [(2011). Nature Methods 8(4):341–346] describe work using RNAi to examine the interactive proteome in mammalian cells. They mention that knockdown inefficiencies and off-target effects of introduced RNAi species are areas that need particular improvement if the methodology is to be fruitful.
How might one use RNAi to study developmental pathways?
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Textbook Question
Much of what we know about gene interactions in development has been learned using nematodes, yeast, flies, and bacteria. This is due, in part, to the relative ease of genetic manipulation of these well-characterized genomes. However, of great interest are gene interactions involving complex diseases in humans. Wang and White [(2011). Nature Methods 8(4):341–346] describe work using RNAi to examine the interactive proteome in mammalian cells. They mention that knockdown inefficiencies and off-target effects of introduced RNAi species are areas that need particular improvement if the methodology is to be fruitful.
Comment on how 'knockdown inefficiencies' and 'off-target effects' would influence the interpretation of results.
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Textbook Question
In this chapter, we discussed several specific cis-elements in mRNAs that regulate splicing, stability, decay, localization, and translation. However, it is likely that many other uncharacterized cis-elements exist. One way in which they may be characterized is through the use of a reporter gene such as the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish. GFP emits green fluorescence when excited by blue light. Explain how one might be able to devise an assay to test for the effect of various cis-elements on posttranscriptional gene regulation using cells that transcribe a GFP mRNA with genetically inserted cis-elements.
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