Ch.3 - Molecules and Compounds

Problem 104

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Chapter 3, Problem 104

Classify each hydrocarbon as an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. a. HC≡CH

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They serve as the fundamental building blocks of organic chemistry and can be classified into different categories based on their bonding and structure. The main types include alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, each with distinct properties and reactivity.

Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms, represented by the general formula CnH2n+2. Alkenes contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, following the formula CnH2n, while alkynes have at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, represented by CnH2n-2. This classification is crucial for understanding the reactivity and properties of these compounds.

Nomenclature and Structure

The nomenclature of hydrocarbons is based on the number of carbon atoms and the type of bonds present. For example, the compound HC≡CH has two carbon atoms connected by a triple bond, indicating it is an alkyne. Understanding the structural representation and naming conventions is essential for correctly classifying and communicating about different hydrocarbons.

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Related Practice

The foul odor of rancid butter is due largely to butyric acid, a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Combustion analysis of a 4.30-g sample of butyric acid produces 8.59 g CO₂ and 3.52 g H₂O. Determine the empirical formula of butyric acid.

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Textbook Question

Tartaric acid is the white, powdery substance that coats tart candies such as Sour Patch Kids. Combustion analysis of a 12.01-g sample of tartaric acid—which contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen—produces 14.08 g CO₂ and 4.32 g H₂O. Determine the empirical formula of tartaric acid.

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Textbook Question

Classify each hydrocarbon as an alkane, alkene, or alkyne. a. H2C=CH−CH3 b. H3C−CH2−CH3 c. HC≡C−CH3 d. H3C−CH2−CH2−CH3

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Textbook Question

How many molecules of ethanol (C₂H₅OH) (the alcohol in alcoholic beverages) are present in 145 mL of ethanol? The density of ethanol is 0.789 g/cm³.

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Textbook Question

A drop of water has a volume of approximately 0.05 mL. How many water molecules does it contain? The density of water is 1.0 g/cm³.

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Textbook Question

Determine the chemical formula of each compound and then use it to calculate the mass percent composition of each constituent element. a. potassium chromate b. lead(II) phosphate

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