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Ch.16 - Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 16, Problem 31b

Calculate Kc for each reaction.
b. CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3 H2(g) Kp = 7.7x1024 (at 298 K)
c. I2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2 ICl(g) Kp = 81.9 (at 298 K)

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Equilibrium Constant (Kc and Kp)

The equilibrium constant (K) quantifies the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium for a given reaction. Kc refers to concentrations in molarity, while Kp refers to partial pressures. The relationship between Kc and Kp is given by the equation Kp = Kc(RT)^(Δn), where Δn is the change in moles of gas. Understanding this relationship is crucial for converting between Kc and Kp.
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Reaction Quotient (Q)

The reaction quotient (Q) is a measure of the relative amounts of products and reactants at any point in a reaction, not just at equilibrium. It is calculated using the same formula as K, but with the current concentrations or pressures. Comparing Q to K helps predict the direction in which a reaction will proceed to reach equilibrium, which is essential for understanding dynamic chemical systems.
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Le Chatelier's Principle

Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by changes in concentration, temperature, or pressure, the system will adjust to counteract the disturbance and restore a new equilibrium. This principle is vital for predicting how changes in conditions will affect the position of equilibrium and the values of Kc and Kp in a given reaction.
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