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Ch.14 - Solutions
Chapter 14, Problem 67

An aqueous solution contains 36% HCl by mass. Calculate the molality and mole fraction of the solution.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molality

Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution, defined as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. It is particularly useful in situations where temperature changes may affect volume, as it is based on mass rather than volume. To calculate molality, one must first determine the moles of solute and the mass of the solvent in kilograms.
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Mole Fraction

Mole fraction is a way to express the concentration of a component in a mixture, defined as the ratio of the number of moles of that component to the total number of moles of all components in the mixture. It is a dimensionless quantity and is useful for understanding the composition of solutions. To find the mole fraction, one must calculate the moles of both the solute and the solvent.
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Mass Percent

Mass percent, or weight percent, is a way to express the concentration of a solute in a solution, calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100. In this case, a 36% mass percent of HCl means that there are 36 grams of HCl in every 100 grams of solution. This information is crucial for converting mass to moles and subsequently calculating molality and mole fraction.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

A solution is prepared by dissolving 20.2 mL of methanol (CH3OH) in 100.0 mL of water at 25 °C. The final volume of the solution is 118 mL. The densities of methanol and water at this temperature are 0.782 g/mL and 1.00 g/mL, respectively. For this solution, calculate the concentration in each unit. e. mole percent

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Textbook Question

Household hydrogen peroxide is an aqueous solution containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide by mass. What is the molarity of this solution? (Assume a density of 1.01 g/mL.)

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One brand of laundry bleach is an aqueous solution containing 4.55% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by mass. What is the molarity of this solution? (Assume a density of 1.02 g/mL.)

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Textbook Question

Which solution has the highest vapor pressure? a. 20.0 g of glucose (C6H12O6) in 100.0 mL of water b. 20.0 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 100.0 mL of water c. 10.0 g of potassium acetate KC2H3O2 in 100.0 mL of water

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Textbook Question

Calculate the vapor pressure of a solution containing 24.5 g of glycerin (C3H8O3) in 135 mL of water at 30.0 °C. The vapor pressure of pure water at this temperature is 31.8 torr. Assume that glycerin is not volatile and dissolves molecularly (i.e., it is not ionic), and use a density of 1.00 g/mL for the water.

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Textbook Question

A solution contains 50.0 g of heptane (C7H16) and 50.0 g of octane (C8H18) at 25 °C. The vapor pressures of pure heptane and pure octane at 25 °C are 45.8 torr and 10.9 torr, respectively. Assuming ideal behavior, answer the following: d. Why is the composition of the vapor different from the composition of the solution?

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