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Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements
Chapter 2, Problem 36

Palladium forms three different compounds with sulfur. The mass of sulfur per gram of palladium in each compound is listed here. Show that these masses are consistent with the law of multiple proportions. Compound Grams S per Gram Pd A 0.603 B 0.301 C 0.151

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Law of Multiple Proportions

The Law of Multiple Proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed as small whole numbers. This principle helps to demonstrate that different compounds formed by the same elements can have distinct mass ratios, reinforcing the idea of atomic combinations.
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Mass Ratios

Mass ratios are the comparative weights of elements in a compound. In the context of the law of multiple proportions, these ratios are crucial for showing how different compounds of the same elements can vary in composition. By calculating the ratios of sulfur to palladium in the given compounds, one can determine if they align with the expectations of the law.
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Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the substances involved in chemical reactions. It allows chemists to predict the amounts of reactants and products based on balanced chemical equations. Understanding stoichiometry is essential for analyzing the mass ratios in the compounds formed by palladium and sulfur.
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Related Practice
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Two different compounds containing osmium and oxygen have the following masses of oxygen per gram of osmium: 0.168 and 0.3369 g. Show that these amounts are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

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Sulfur and oxygen form both sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide. When samples of these are decomposed, the sulfur dioxide produces 3.49 g oxygen and 3.50 g sulfur, while the sulfur trioxide produces 6.75 g oxygen and 4.50 g sulfur. Calculate the mass of oxygen per gram of sulfur for each sample and show that these results are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

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Sulfur and fluorine form several different compounds including sulfur hexafluoride and sulfur tetrafluoride. Decomposition of a sample of sulfur hexafluoride produces 4.45 g of fluorine and 1.25 g of sulfur, while decomposition of a sample of sulfur tetrafluoride produces 4.43 g of fluorine and 1.87 g of sulfur. Calculate the mass of fluorine per gram of sulfur for each sample and show that these results are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

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Which statements are consistent with Dalton's atomic theory as it was originally stated? Why? a. Sulfur and oxygen atoms have the same mass. b. All cobalt atoms are identical. c. Potassium and chlorine atoms combine in a 1:1 ratio to form potassium chloride. d. Lead atoms can be converted into gold.

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