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Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics

Chapter 14, Problem 109

A certain substance X decomposes. Fifty percent of X remains after 100 minutes. How much X remains after 200 minutes if the reaction order with respect to X is (c) second order?

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Hi everyone here we have a question that tells us in an experiment, 1.2 molar of compound B undergoes decomposition after 120 minutes. Only 50% of the remains determine the time it takes for 90% of B to decompose. If the decomposition is in first order, so at T Equals 120 minutes, 50% remains. So at T 1/ Equals 120 minutes for forced order reaction. T one half Equals 0.693, divided by K. Solving for K. K equals 0. Over 120 minutes Equals 5.77, 5 times 10 to the negative third minutes, inverse. The integrated rate law. For first order, the natural log of the concentration of a T equals negative Katie plus the natural log of the concentration of a zero. So the natural log of 0. Times 1.2 Moller equals negative 5.775 times 10 to the negative third inverse minutes. T plus the natural log of 1.2 Molar, So negative 2.120 equals negative 5.77, 5 Times 10 to the negative 3rd inverse minute T plus 0.182. So t equals 398.61 minutes. And that is our final answer. Thank you for watching. Bye.
Related Practice
Textbook Question

Consider the gas-phase reaction: H2(g) + I2(g) → 2 HI(g) The reaction was experimentally determined to be first order in H2 and first order in I2. Consider the proposed mechanisms. Proposed mechanism I: H2(g) + I2(g) → 2 HI(g) Single step Proposed mechanism II: I2(g) Δk1k-12 I(g) Fast H2( g) + 2 I( g) → k22 HI( g) Slow a. Show that both of the proposed mechanisms are valid.

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Textbook Question

Consider the gas-phase reaction: H2(g) + I2(g) → 2 HI(g) The reaction was experimentally determined to be first order in H2 and first order in I2. Consider the proposed mechanisms. Proposed mechanism I: H2(g) + I2(g) → 2 HI(g) Single step Proposed mechanism II: I2(g) Δk1k-12 I(g) Fast H2( g) + 2 I( g) → k22 HI( g) Slow b. What kind of experimental evidence might lead you to favor mechanism II over mechanism I?

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Consider the reaction: 2 NH3(aq) + OCl - (aq)¡N2H4(aq) + H2O(l ) + Cl - (aq) This three-step mechanism is proposed: NH3(aq) + OCl - (aq) Δk1k2NH2Cl(aq) + OH- (aq) Fast NH2Cl(aq) + NH3(aq) ¡k3N2H5+ (aq) + Cl - (aq) Slow N2H5+ (aq) + OH- (aq) ¡k4N2H4(aq) + H2O(l ) Fast a. Show that the mechanism sums to the overall reaction.
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The half-life for radioactive decay (a first-order process) of plutonium- 239 is 24,000 years. How many years does it take for one mole of this radioactive material to decay until just one atom remains?

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Textbook Question

Ethyl chloride vapor decomposes by the first-order reaction: C2H5Cl → C2H4 + HCl The activation energy is 249 kJ/mol, and the frequency factor is 1.6⨉1014 s-1. Find the value of the rate constant at 710 K.

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Textbook Question

Ethyl chloride vapor decomposes by the first-order reaction: C2H5Cl → C2H4 + HCl The activation energy is 249 kJ/mol, and the frequency factor is 1.6⨉1014 s-1. What fraction of the ethyl chloride decomposes in 15 minutes at this temperature?

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