The phase diagram for sulfur is shown here. The rhombic and monoclinic states are two solid states with different structures. b. Which of the two solid states of sulfur is more dense?

Verified step by step guidance

1. insert step 1> Identify the two solid states of sulfur mentioned in the problem: rhombic and monoclinic.
2. insert step 2> Understand that density is defined as mass per unit volume (density = mass/volume).
3. insert step 3> Recognize that in a phase diagram, the denser phase is typically the one that is stable at higher pressures for a given temperature.
4. insert step 4> Examine the phase diagram to determine which solid state (rhombic or monoclinic) is stable at higher pressures.
5. insert step 5> Conclude that the solid state stable at higher pressures is the more dense form of sulfur.

Key Concepts

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation that shows the phases of a substance at various temperatures and pressures. It illustrates the boundaries between different states of matter, such as solid, liquid, and gas. Understanding phase diagrams is crucial for predicting the conditions under which a substance will exist in a particular phase, which is essential for answering questions about density in different states.

Density

Density is defined as mass per unit volume and is a key physical property of materials. It is typically expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). In the context of solid states of sulfur, comparing the densities of rhombic and monoclinic forms helps determine which structure is more compact and thus denser, influencing their physical properties and applications.

Solid State Structures

Solid state structures refer to the arrangement of atoms or molecules in a solid material, which can significantly affect its properties, including density. Rhombic and monoclinic sulfur have different crystalline structures, leading to variations in how closely packed the sulfur atoms are. Understanding these structural differences is essential for determining which solid state is denser and why.