Benzene has a heat of vaporization of 30.72 kJ/mol and a normal boiling point of 80.1 °C. At what temperature does benzene boil when the external pressure is 445 torr?
Ch.11 - Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Chapter 11, Problem 67
How much energy is released when 65.8 g of water freezes?
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Heat of Fusion
The heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point, or vice versa. For water, this value is approximately 334 J/g. When water freezes, it releases this amount of energy per gram, which is crucial for calculating the total energy released during the freezing process.
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Heat Capacity
Phase Changes
Phase changes refer to the transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states of matter. Freezing is the process where a liquid turns into a solid, and it involves the release of energy as the molecules lose kinetic energy and arrange into a more ordered structure. Understanding phase changes is essential for calculating energy changes in substances.
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Entropy in Phase Changes
Mass-Energy Relationship
The mass-energy relationship in thermodynamics indicates that the amount of energy involved in a phase change is directly proportional to the mass of the substance undergoing the change. In this case, the energy released when water freezes can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the water by the heat of fusion, allowing for precise energy calculations.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
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Textbook Question
Carbon disulfide has a vapor pressure of 363 torr at 25 °C and a normal boiling point of 46.3 °C. Find ΔHvap for carbon disulfide.
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Open Question
Methylamine has a vapor pressure of 344 torr at -25 °C and a boiling point of -6.4 °C. What is the ΔHvap for methylamine?
Textbook Question
Calculate the amount of heat required to completely sublime 50.0 g of solid dry ice (CO2) at its sublimation temperature. The heat of sublimation for carbon dioxide is 32.3 kJ/mol.
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Textbook Question
An 8.5-g ice cube is placed into 255 g of water. Calculate the temperature change in the water upon the complete melting of the ice. Assume that all of the energy required to melt the ice comes from the water.
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Textbook Question
How much ice (in grams) would have to melt to lower the temperature of 352 mL of water from 25 °C to 5 °C? (Assume the density of water is 1.0 g/mL.)
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