Textbook Question
Three of the following molecular models have a tetrahedral central atom, and one does not. Which is the odd one? (There may be a 'hidden' atom directly behind a visible atom in some cases.) (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular StructureProblem 32a
McMurry 8th EditionCh.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular StructureProblem 32aChapter 8, Problem 32a
The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in such over-thecounter headache remedies as Tylenol. (Red = O, gray = C, blue = N, ivory = H.) (a) What is the formula of acetaminophen?
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Molecular Formula
A molecular formula represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule. It is expressed using chemical symbols for each element, followed by subscripts indicating the number of each type of atom. For example, the molecular formula for water is H2O, indicating two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
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02:08
Determining Molecular Formulas
Functional Groups
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In acetaminophen, the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) and the amide group (-NHCOCH3) are key to its properties and reactivity, influencing its role as a pain reliever.
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01:32Carbonyl Functional Groups
Ball-and-Stick Model
A ball-and-stick model is a three-dimensional representation of a molecule that illustrates the arrangement of atoms and the bonds between them. In this model, balls represent atoms, and sticks represent the bonds, helping to visualize the molecular structure and spatial orientation of the atoms in compounds like acetaminophen.
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02:43Bohr Model of the Atom
Related Practice
Textbook Question
The VSEPR model is a simple predictive tool that is usually,
but not always, correct. Take urea, for instance, a waste
product excreted in animal urine:
What hybridization would you expect for the C and N atoms in urea according to the VSEPR model, and what approximate values would you expect for the various bond angles? What are the actual hybridizations and bond angles based on the
molecular model shown? 1Red = O, gray = C, blue = N,
ivory = H.2
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Textbook Question
The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation
of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in such over-thecounter
headache remedies as Tylenol. 1Red = O, gray = C,
blue = N, ivory = H.2
(c) What is the geometry around each carbon?
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Textbook Question
The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in such over-thecounter headache remedies as Tylenol. (Red = O, gray = C, blue = N, ivory = H.) (b) Indicate the positions of the multiple bonds in acetaminophen.
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Textbook Question
The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation of thalidomide, a drug that causes birth defects when taken by expectant mothers but is valuable for its use against leprosy. The lines indicate only the connections between atoms, not whether the bonds are single, double, or triple. 1Red = O, gray = C, blue = N, ivory = H.2 (a) What is the formula of thalidomide?
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Textbook Question
Ethyl acetate, CH3CO2CH2CH3, is commonly used as a solvent and nail-polish remover. Look at the following electrostatic potential map of ethyl acetate, and explain the observed polarity.
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