Ideal gases A (red spheres) and B (blue spheres) occupy two separate bulbs. The contents of both bulbs constitute the initial state of an isolated system. Consider the process that occurs when the stopcock is opened.

(d) Relate each of the pictures to the graph in Figure 18.11.

Video transcript

Hello. Everyone in this video being told that in State A. That two ideal gasses represented by yellow and green spheres initially occupied two separate bulbs. But when the stop caucus opened, the two ideal gasses went from State A. To State B. So this is State A. And this is State B. Relating these states to this graph down here. Alright, so, we can see from State A. Here that the left bulb has eight yellow spheres. So let's actually write this out as well. So we have eight yellow and we have zero green. The right bulb here, we have zero yellow And eight green spheres. All right. And then you can see over here in State B. What we have on the left bulb is that we have four yellow spheres, and we have four green spheres over to the right. But here we have again four yellow spheres and four green spheres. So the process of going from State A to State B can be represented by the decreasing curve on the left side, so from left to right episode of the minimum lowest point of the graph. This process here is going to be spontaneous, since our delta G. Is less than zero. Let's go ahead recall initially or before the stock talk is open. We have State Eight where the left bulb has eight cielo spheres and zero green spheres. And the right bulb has zero yellow spheres and eight green spheres. So after taking up or taking off and opening the stop cock, we have State B. Where the left bulb has four yellow and four green spheres. And then on the right bulb here we have four yellow spheres and four green spheres. So the natural tendency of the gasses and state A to go ahead and mix and attain a constant ratio, such as in state B. When the stock cock is opened, so the act of opening the stop cock decreases. The pressure is actually write this out as well. So when you open the stop cock, the pressure here decreases. And what increases is going to be our volume for both of our ideal gasses as compared to when they're in just separate bulbs. And this allows for more room for both gasses to move around naturally and spontaneously to reach a more stable state. So going from states be to another new state. That can represented by increasing from according to our graph here. This way to this way and this of course process is going to be non spontaneous because the delta G is greater than zero. It's like going from a constant and stable state to another non constant state, which is not how it goes with an external or applied factor. We also note that in the graph, when the delta G is less than zero, it indicates an overall spontaneous reaction. So for my final answer then, which we're gonna right below, is that the spontaneous process of going from state A to state B. Can be represented by the decreasing curve left side of the graph, and then going from State B to a new state. This can be represented by the increasing curve on the right side of the graph since the process is non spontaneous. Alright, so my final answer then, is going to be this paragraph here. All right, thank you all so much for watching.