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Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
All textbooksMcMurry 8th EditionCh.22 - The Main Group ElementsProblem 7
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Chapter 22, Problem 7

Write chemical equations for the reaction of potassium with the following substances, ensuring that the numbers and kinds of atoms are the same on both sides of the equations. If no reaction occurs, write N.R. (b) Br₂ (c) O₂

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1
Identify the reactants and products for the reaction of potassium (K) with bromine (Br₂). Potassium is a metal and bromine is a halogen, so they will form an ionic compound, potassium bromide (KBr).
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium and bromine. Start by writing the unbalanced equation: K + Br₂ → KBr.
Balance the equation by ensuring the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides. Potassium and bromine form a 1:1 ratio in KBr, but Br₂ means there are two bromine atoms, so you need two KBr to balance the bromine atoms.
For the reaction of potassium with oxygen (O₂), identify the products. Potassium reacts with oxygen to form potassium oxide (K₂O).
Write and balance the chemical equation for the reaction between potassium and oxygen. Start with the unbalanced equation: K + O₂ → K₂O. Balance the equation by ensuring the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides.
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Textbook Question

Which element will react most vigorously with water, and what is the reaction that occurs?

(a) Lithium; 2 Li(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 Li+(aq) + 2 H–(aq) + H2O2(aq)

(b) Potassium; 2 K(s) + 2 H2O(l) → 2 K+(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) + H2(g)

(c) Magnesium; Mg(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Mg2+(aq) + 2 OH–(aq) + H2(g)

(d) Barium; Ba(s) + 2 H2O(l) → Ba2+(aq) + 2 H–(aq) + H2O2(aq)

Open Question
Draw the electron-dot structure for BH3. What are the hybrid orbitals used by boron to form bonds with hydrogen, and will BH3 act as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base? (LO 22.9) (a) sp3; Lewis acid (b) sp3; Lewis base (c) sp2; Lewis acid (d) sp2; Lewis base
Open Question
The silicate anion in the mineral kinoite is represented by the following structure. The mineral also contains Ca2+ ions, Cu2+ ions, and water molecules in a 1:1:1 ratio. What are the formula and charge of the silicate anion, and what is the complete formula for the mineral? (LO 22.11) (a) Si3O10^8-; Ca2Cu2Si3O10 · 2 H2O (b) Si3O8^10-; Ca3Cu2Si3O8 · 2 H2O (c) Si3O4^4-; CaCuSi3O8 · H2O (d) Si3O12^12-; Ca3Cu3Si3O12 · 3 H2O
Open Question
Describe the shape of each of the following molecules or ions, and tell which hybrid orbitals are used by the central atom. (a) GeBr4 (b) CO2 (c) CO32- (d) SnCl3-
Textbook Question

Consider the following oxoacids: HClO, HClO2, HClO3, and HClO4. In which oxoacid does chlorine have an oxidation state of +5? Which oxoacid is the strongest?

(LO 22.17)

(a) HClO has a Cl oxidation state of +5, and HClO4 is the strongest acid.

(b) HClO2 has a Cl oxidation state of +5, and HClO is the strongest acid.

(c) HClO3 has a Cl oxidation state of +5, and HClO4 is the strongest acid.

(d) HClO4 has a Cl oxidation state of +5, and HClO is the strongest acid.

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Open Question
Predict the geometrical structure of each of the following molecules or ions: (a) NO2- (b) PH3 (c) PF5 (d) PCl4+.