What is the systematic name for each of the following molecules or ions? Include cis or trans prefixes for diastereoisomers. Platinum is Pt(II) in square planar complexes and Pt(IV) in octahedral complexes.
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Key Concepts

Coordination Chemistry

Coordination chemistry involves the study of complex compounds formed between metal ions and ligands. In this context, platinum can exist in different oxidation states, such as Pt(II) and Pt(IV), which influence the geometry of the complexes. Understanding the coordination number and geometry is essential for naming these complexes systematically.

IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides systematic rules for naming chemical compounds. For coordination complexes, the name includes the metal's oxidation state, the ligands' names, and their arrangement. The use of prefixes like 'cis' and 'trans' is crucial for distinguishing between different spatial arrangements of ligands around the central metal.

Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry is the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and how this affects their chemical properties. In the case of diastereoisomers, such as those that can be classified as cis or trans, the relative positions of ligands around the metal center are significant. This concept is vital for accurately describing the structure and reactivity of coordination complexes.