Textbook Question
Draw the structure of all isomers of the octahedral complex [NbX2Cl4]- (X- = NCS-), and identify those that are linkage isomers.
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Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
Chapter 21, Problem 26a
Locate on the periodic table the transition elements with the following electron configurations. Identify each element.
(a) [Ar] 3d74s2
(b) [Ar] 3d54s1
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Identify the block of the periodic table where transition elements are located. Transition elements are found in the d-block, which includes groups 3 to 12.
For part (a), analyze the electron configuration [Ar] 3d^7 4s^2. The configuration indicates that the element is in the 3d block, with 7 electrons in the 3d subshell and 2 electrons in the 4s subshell.
Determine the atomic number for part (a) by adding the number of electrons in the configuration to the atomic number of Argon (18). The total number of electrons is 18 (Ar) + 7 (3d) + 2 (4s) = 27.
Locate the element with atomic number 27 on the periodic table. This element is Cobalt (Co).
For part (b), analyze the electron configuration [Ar] 3d^5 4s^1. The configuration indicates that the element is in the 3d block, with 5 electrons in the 3d subshell and 1 electron in the 4s subshell.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electron Configuration
Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. It is represented using a notation that indicates the energy levels and sublevels occupied by electrons. Understanding electron configurations is crucial for identifying elements, especially transition metals, as they often involve partially filled d orbitals.
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Electron Configuration Example
Transition Elements
Transition elements, or transition metals, are found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table. They are characterized by their ability to form variable oxidation states and complex ions, and they typically have partially filled d orbitals. This unique electron arrangement contributes to their distinctive chemical properties and reactivity.
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Periodic Table Organization
The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and electron configurations, revealing periodic trends in properties such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius. Understanding the layout of the periodic table helps in locating elements based on their electron configurations, particularly for transition metals, which are grouped in specific blocks.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The glycinate anion, gly-= NH2CH2CO2 -, bonds to metal ions through the N atom and one of the O atoms. Using to represent gly-, sketch the structures of the four stereoisomers of Co(gly)3.
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Textbook Question
Draw the structures of all possible diastereoisomers of an octahedral complex with the formula MA2B2C2. Which of the diastereoisomers, if any, can exist as enantiomers?
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Textbook Question
Locate on the periodic table the transition elements with the following electron configurations. Identify each element.
(c) [Kr] 4d25s2
(d) [Xe] 4f36s2
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Textbook Question
Look at the location in the periodic table of elements A, B, C, and D. What is the electron configuration of the transition metal in each of the following ions?
(c) C3+
(d) DO42-
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Textbook Question
What is the systematic name for each of the following molecules or ions? Include cis or trans prefixes for diastereoisomers. Platinum is Pt(II) in square planar complexes and Pt(IV) in octahedral complexes.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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