Benzene, ethane, and ethylene are just three of a large num-ber of hydrocarbons—compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Show how the following data are consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the chemical formulas for benzene, ethane, and ethylene: Benzene (C_6H_6), Ethane (C_2H_6), Ethylene (C_2H_4).
2. Calculate the ratio of carbon to hydrogen atoms in each compound: Benzene (6:6 or 1:1), Ethane (2:6 or 1:3), Ethylene (2:4 or 1:2).
3. Compare the ratios of carbon to hydrogen in these compounds to demonstrate the law of multiple proportions.
4. The law of multiple proportions states that if two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a fixed mass of the first element will be ratios of small whole numbers.
5. Show that the ratios of hydrogen to carbon in ethane and ethylene (3:2) and benzene and ethylene (1:2) are small whole numbers, consistent with the law of multiple proportions.

Key Concepts

Law of Multiple Proportions

The Law of Multiple Proportions states that when two elements form more than one compound, the ratios of the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed as small whole numbers. This principle highlights the discrete nature of chemical combinations and is fundamental in understanding how different compounds can be formed from the same elements.

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They can be classified into different categories, such as alkanes (saturated), alkenes (unsaturated with double bonds), and alkynes (unsaturated with triple bonds). Understanding the structure and types of hydrocarbons is essential for analyzing their chemical behavior and the relationships between different compounds.

Molecular Formulas and Ratios

Molecular formulas represent the number and types of atoms in a molecule, providing insight into the composition of a compound. By comparing the molecular formulas of different hydrocarbons, one can determine the ratios of carbon to hydrogen atoms. These ratios are crucial for demonstrating the Law of Multiple Proportions, as they reveal how varying amounts of one element can combine with a fixed amount of another.