Textbook Question
A portion of a two-dimensional 'slab' of NaCl(s) is shown here (see Figure 8.2) in which the ions are numbered. (a) Which colored balls must represent sodium ions?
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Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Chapter 8, Problem 5
Which of the following charts shows the general periodic trends for the electronegativities of the representative elements? [Section 8.4]
Verified Solution
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons when it forms a chemical bond. It is a key concept in understanding how atoms interact in molecules and is often used to predict the nature of bonds (ionic or covalent) between different elements.
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02:10
Electronegativity Trends
Periodic Trends
Periodic trends refer to the predictable patterns observed in the properties of elements as you move across or down the periodic table. Key trends include electronegativity, atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity, which help in understanding the behavior of elements in chemical reactions.
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00:38Periodic Trends
Representative Elements
Representative elements, also known as main group elements, are found in groups 1, 2, and 13-18 of the periodic table. These elements exhibit a wide range of chemical and physical properties and are crucial for studying periodic trends, including electronegativity, as they display clear and consistent patterns across the table.
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03:30Transition Metals and Representative Elements
Related Practice
Textbook Question
A portion of a two-dimensional 'slab' of NaCl(s) is shown here (see Figure 8.2) in which the ions are numbered. (d) Consider ion 5. How many repulsive interactions are shown for it?
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Textbook Question
The orbital diagram that follows shows the valence electrons for a 3+ ion of an element. (a) What is the element?
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Textbook Question
A molecule with formula C4H3NO has the connectivity shown in the figure. After the Lewis structure of the molecule is completed, how many of each of the following are there in the molecule:
a. single bonds,
b. double bonds,
c. triple bonds,
d. nonbonding pairs? [Sections 8.3 and 8.5]
Textbook Question
In the Lewis structure shown here, A, D, E, Q, X, and Z represent elements in the first two rows of the periodic table. Identify all six elements so that the formal charges of all atoms are zero.
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Textbook Question
The molecule shown here is styrene, C8H8, a benzene derivative that is used to make a number of polymers, including polystyrene. The shorthand notation for the benzene ring (described in Section 8.6) is used. Three of the carbon–carbon bonds are numbered in the structure.
a. Which of the three bonds is the strongest?
b. Which of the three bonds is the longest?
c. Which of the three bonds is best described as halfway between a single and a double bond? [Sections 8.6 and 8.8]