(a) When chlorine atoms react with atmospheric ozone, what are the products of the reaction?
Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment
Chapter 18, Problem 31a
(a) Write a chemical equation that describes the attack of acid rain on limestone, CaCO3.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Acid-Base Reactions
Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of protons (H+) between reactants. In the context of acid rain, which contains sulfuric and nitric acids, these acids react with basic substances like calcium carbonate (CaCO3) found in limestone. This reaction is crucial for understanding how acid rain can lead to the dissolution of limestone.
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Chemical Equations
A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas. It shows the reactants on the left and the products on the right, with coefficients indicating the number of molecules involved. Writing a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between acid rain and limestone is essential to illustrate the conservation of mass and the stoichiometry of the reaction.
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Dissolution of Carbonates
The dissolution of carbonates, such as calcium carbonate, occurs when they react with acids, leading to the formation of soluble products. In the case of limestone reacting with acid rain, the reaction produces calcium ions (Ca2+) and carbon dioxide (CO2), which can be represented in the chemical equation. Understanding this process is key to grasping the environmental impact of acid rain on geological formations.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
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Textbook Question
(b) Based on average bond enthalpies, would you expect a photon capable of dissociating a C-Cl bond to have sufficient energy to dissociate a C-Br bond?
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Open Question
Nitrogen oxides like NO2 and NO are a significant source of acid rain. For each of these molecules, write an equation that shows how an acid is formed from the reaction with water.
Textbook Question
(b) If a limestone sculpture were treated to form a surface layer of calcium sulfate, would this help to slow down the effects of acid rain? Explain.
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Open Question
The first stage in corrosion of iron upon exposure to air is oxidation to Fe2+. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation to show the reaction of iron with oxygen and protons from acid rain. (b) Would you expect the same sort of reaction to occur with a silver surface? Explain.
Textbook Question
Alcohol-based fuels for automobiles lead to the production of formaldehyde (CH2O) in exhaust gases. Formaldehyde undergoes photodissociation, which contributes to photo- chemical smog: CH2O + hn ¡ CHO + H The maximum wavelength of light that can cause this reaction is 335 nm. (b) What is the maximum strength of a bond, in kJ/mol, that can be broken by absorption of a photon of 335-nm light?
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