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Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
All textbooksBrown 14th EditionCh.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical BondingProblem 61
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Chapter 8, Problem 61

Draw the dominant Lewis structures for these chlorine–oxygen molecules/ions: ClO, ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-. Which of these do not obey the octet rule?

Verified step by step guidance
1
Step 1: Identify the total number of valence electrons for each molecule/ion. For chlorine (Cl), it has 7 valence electrons, and for oxygen (O), it has 6 valence electrons. Consider any additional electrons due to negative charges.
Step 2: For each molecule/ion, arrange the atoms with chlorine as the central atom and connect the oxygen atoms to chlorine using single bonds initially.
Step 3: Distribute the remaining valence electrons to satisfy the octet rule for the oxygen atoms first, then place any remaining electrons on the chlorine atom.
Step 4: If the central chlorine atom does not have a complete octet, consider forming double bonds with oxygen atoms by converting lone pairs on oxygen to bonding pairs.
Step 5: Evaluate each structure to determine if the octet rule is obeyed. Note that molecules/ions with an odd number of electrons or those with expanded octets (like ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>) may not strictly follow the octet rule.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

Mothballs are composed of naphthalene, C10H8, a molecule that consists of two six-membered rings of carbon fused along an edge, as shown in this incomplete Lewis structure:

(b) Do you expect the C—C bond lengths in the molecule to be similar to those of C—C single bonds, C ═ C double bonds, or intermediate between C—C single and C ═ C double bonds?

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Textbook Question

Mothballs are composed of naphthalene, C10H8, a molecule that consists of two six-membered rings of carbon fused along an edge, as shown in this incomplete Lewis structure:

(c) Not all of the C—C bond lengths in naphthalene are equivalent. Based on your resonance structures, how many C—C bonds in the molecule do you expect to be shorter than the others?

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Textbook Question

(b) Which of these compounds or ions is an exception to the octet rule: borohydride (BH4-), borazine (B3N3H6, which is analogous to benzene with alternating B and N in the ring), or boron trichloride?

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Textbook Question
For Group 13–17 elements in the third row of the periodic table and beyond, the octet rule is often not obeyed. A friend of yours says this is because these heavier elements are more likely to make double or triple bonds. Another friend of yours says that this is because the heavier elements are larger and can make bonds to more than four atoms at a time. Which friend is more correct?
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Open Question
Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following ions or molecules. Identify those in which the octet rule is not obeyed; state which atom in each compound does not follow the octet rule; and state, for those atoms, how many electrons surround them: (a) HCl, (b) ICl5, (c) NO, (d) CF2Cl2, (e) I3-.
Textbook Question

Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following molecules or ions. Identify instances where the octet rule is not obeyed; state which atom in each compound does not follow the octet rule; and state how many electrons surround these atoms: (a) PF6-, (b) BeCl2, (c) NH3, (d) XeF2O (the Xe is the central atom), (e) SO42- .

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