From the molecular structures shown here, identify the one that corresponds to each of the following species: (a) chlorine gas; (b) propane; (c) nitrate ion; (d) sulfur trioxide; (e) methyl chloride, CH3Cl.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the molecular structure of chlorine gas (Cl2). Chlorine gas consists of two chlorine atoms bonded together.
2. Identify the molecular structure of propane (C3H8). Propane consists of three carbon atoms bonded in a chain with eight hydrogen atoms attached.
3. Identify the molecular structure of the nitrate ion (NO3-). The nitrate ion consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, with one of the bonds being a double bond.
4. Identify the molecular structure of sulfur trioxide (SO3). Sulfur trioxide consists of one sulfur atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, with all bonds being double bonds.
5. Identify the molecular structure of methyl chloride (CH3Cl). Methyl chloride consists of one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom.

Key Concepts

Molecular Structure

Molecular structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It determines the molecule's shape, bond angles, and overall geometry, which are crucial for understanding its chemical properties and reactivity. For example, the linear structure of chlorine gas (Cl2) contrasts with the tetrahedral structure of methane (CH4), influencing their interactions.

Chemical Formula

A chemical formula represents the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule. It provides essential information about the composition of a substance, such as CH3Cl for methyl chloride, indicating one carbon, three hydrogens, and one chlorine atom. Understanding chemical formulas is vital for identifying and distinguishing between different compounds.

Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds

Ionic compounds are formed through the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in charged ions, while covalent compounds involve the sharing of electrons. For instance, the nitrate ion (NO3-) is an ionic species, whereas propane (C3H8) is a covalent molecule. Recognizing the differences between these types of compounds helps in predicting their behavior and interactions.