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Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 2, Problem 81b2

(b) Pentane is the alkane with a chain of five carbon atoms. Determine its molecular formula.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Alkanes

Alkanes are a class of hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms. They follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where 'n' represents the number of carbon atoms. This structure results in saturated compounds, meaning they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible for a given number of carbon atoms.
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Molecular Formula

The molecular formula of a compound indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule. For alkanes, the molecular formula can be derived from the number of carbon atoms in the chain. For pentane, which has five carbon atoms, the molecular formula can be calculated using the formula CnH2n+2.
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Carbon Chain Length

The length of the carbon chain in alkanes directly influences their molecular formula and properties. In the case of pentane, the chain consists of five carbon atoms, which determines the specific arrangement and number of hydrogen atoms. Understanding the relationship between chain length and molecular formula is essential for identifying and naming alkanes.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

"The diameter of a rubidium atom is 495 pm We will consider two different ways of placing the atoms on a surface. In arrangement A, all the atoms are lined up with one another to form a square grid. Arrangement B is called a close-packed arrangement because the atoms sit in the 'depressions' formed by the previous row of atoms:

(c) If extended to three dimensions, which arrangement would lead to a greater density for Rb metal?"

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Textbook Question

(b) Pentane is the alkane with a chain of five carbon atoms. Determine its empirical formula.

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Textbook Question

Cyclopropane is an interesting hydrocarbon. Instead of having three carbons in a row, the three carbons form a ring, as shown in this perspective drawing (see Figure 2.18 for a prior example of this kind of drawing):

Cyclopropane was at one time used as an anesthetic, but its use was discontinued, in part because it is highly flammable. (a) How does it differ from that of propane?

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Textbook Question

Rubidium has two naturally occurring isotopes, rubidium-85 (atomic mass = 84.9118 amu; abundance = 72.15%) and rubidium-87 (atomic mass = 86.9092 amu; abundance = 27.85%). Calculate the atomic weight of rubidium

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Textbook Question

A chemist finds that 30.82 g of nitrogen will react with 17.60, 35.20, 70.40, or 88.00 g of oxygen to form four different compounds. (a) Calculate the mass of oxygen per gram of nitrogen in each compound. 30.82 g N and 35.20 g O

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Textbook Question

A chemist finds that 30.82 g of nitrogen will react with 17.60, 35.20, 70.40, or 88.00 g of oxygen to form four different compounds. (a) Calculate the mass of oxygen per gram of nitrogen in each compound. 30.82 g N and 70.40 g O

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