- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement151
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions207
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry192
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution157
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry123
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms135
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements110
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding122
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories153
- Ch.10 - Gases139
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces77
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials94
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions99
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics124
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium73
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria112
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria109
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment58
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics115
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry102
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry67
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals6
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry19
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Chapter 19, Problem 97b
(b) Based on your general chemical knowledge, predict which of these reactions will have K>1. (i) 2 Mg(s) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2 MgO(s) (ii) 2 KI(s) ⇌ 2 K(g) + I2(g) (iii) Na2(g) ⇌ 2 Na(g) (iv) 2 V2O5(s) ⇌ 4 V(s) + 5 O2(g)
Video transcript
Consider the following three reactions: (i) Ti(s) + 2 Cl2(g) → TiCl4(1g) (ii) C2H6(g) + 7 Cl2(g) → 2 CCl4(g) + 6 HCl(g) (iii) BaO(s) + CO2(g) → BaCO3(s) (c) For each of the reactions, predict the manner in which the change in free energy varies with an increase in temperature.
Using the data in Appendix C and given the pressures listed, calculate Kp and ΔG for each of the following reactions: (c) N2H4(g) → N2(g) + 2 H2(g) PN2H4 = 0.5 atm, PN2 = 1.5 atm, PH2 = 2.5 atm
(a) For each of the following reactions, predict the sign of ΔH° and ΔS° without doing any calculations. (i) 2 Mg(s) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2 MgO(s) (ii) 2 KI(s) ⇌ 2 K(g) + I2(g) (iii) Na2(g) ⇌ 2 Na(g) (iv) 2 V2O5(s) ⇌ 4 V(s) + 5 O2(g)
The oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) in body tissue produces CO2 and H2O. In contrast, anaerobic decomposition, which occurs during fermentation, produces ethanol (C2H5OH) and CO2.
(a) Using data given in Appendix C, compare the equilibrium constants for the following reactions:
C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) ⇌ 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
C6H12O6(s) ⇌ 2 C2H5OH(l) + 2 CO2(g)
The oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) in body tissue produces CO2 and H2O. In contrast, anaerobic decomposition, which occurs during fermentation, produces ethanol (C2H5OH) and CO2.
(b) Compare the maximum work that can be obtained from these processes under standard conditions.
C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) ⇌ 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l)
C6H12O6(s) ⇌ 2 C2H5OH(l) + 2 CO2(g)
The conversion of natural gas, which is mostly methane, into products that contain two or more carbon atoms, such as ethane (C2H6), is a very important industrial chemical process. In principle, methane can be converted into ethane and hydrogen: 2 CH4(g) → C2H6(g) + H2(g) In practice, this reaction is carried out in the presence of oxygen: 2 CH4(g) + 12 O2(g) → C2H6(g) + H2O(g) (b) Is the difference in ΔG° for the two reactions due primarily to the enthalpy term (ΔH) or the entropy term (-TΔS)?