A solution of Na 2 SO 4 is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba 2+ (aq) and 0.010 M in Sr 2+ (aq). (c) What is the concentration of SO 4 2- (aq) when the second cation begins to precipitate?

Hi everyone. This problem reads a solution contains both 0.15 moller of manganese ions and nickel ions. If potassium carbonate is added drop wise the solution. What is the mill arat e of carbonate ions when the second cat ion starts to precipitate. And were given the soluble itty product constants for both. Mag, unease to carbonate and nickel to carbonate. So let's go ahead and get started. So our goal here is to calculate the similarity of carbonate ions when the second cat ion starts to precipitate. So what we're going to need to do is figure out which one of these is going to precipitate first and we're going to have to do it one by one. Okay, so let's go ahead and start off with arm agonies to carbonate. Okay, we're going to write out the equilibrium for it. And that is we have our solid manganese to carbonate. Is going to yeah equilibrium. And we're going to have the ions manganese and carbonate. Alright. And we're given the soluble itty product constant K. S. P. And this is the product of the molar concentrations of the ions. Okay, so it's going to be the product of our manganese ion and our carbonate ion. And we were given this value and that value is 2.24 times 10 to the negative 11. And our goal here is to find out what is the concentration of carbonate ions here. Alright, so let's go ahead and start off by isolating this variable, this is what we're solving for. So that means we're going to need to divide both sides of our equation by our concentration of manganese ions. Okay, so we can isolate that. Okay, and when we do that we get our concentration of carbonate ions is equal to 2.24 times 10 to the negative 11 over our concentration of manganese ions. And we know what that value is because it was given in the problem. So let's go ahead and plug in. So we have 2.24 times 10 to the negative over 0.15. Okay, so that value for our concentration of carbonate ion is 1. times 10 to the negative nine moller. Okay, so that's our concentration of carbonate ions from our manganese to carbonate. Okay, so let's go ahead and do the same thing to figure out what our concentration of carbonate ion is from our nickel to carbonate. Okay so we have our nickel to carbonate, we're going to establish an equilibrium and it's going to have its ions nickel to nickel and carbonate. And we're going to do the same thing here. We want to calculate what is our concentration of carbonate ions. So let's write out our K. S. P. So R K S P is going to equal the product of the molar concentrations. Okay and we were given that value and the problem and that value is 1.42 times 10 to the -7. Okay, so now we want to solve for our concentration of carbonate. So go ahead and divide both sides of our equation by our concentration of nickel ions. Okay, Okay, so that gives us our concentration of carbonate ions is equal to 1.4, 2 times 10 to the negative seven, divided by our concentration of nickel ions. And we know that value because it was given. So we have 1. times 10 to the -7, divided by 0.015. And when we do this calculation we get 9.4667 times 10 to the negative six. Okay, and this is moller. Alright, so based off of these two values because our concentration of carbonate and our manganese to carbonate is smaller, it's going to precipitate first. Okay, Okay, so that means our nickel ion is the second ion to precipitate and it will precipitate when the carbonate ion is equal to 9.4467 times 10 to the negative six molar. This is what the question was asking us for. What is the mill arat e of the carbonate ion when the second cat ion starts to precipitate. Okay, so that is the answer to this problem and that is the end of this problem. I hope this was helpful

Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria

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Brown 14th Edition

Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria

Problem 74c

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Chapter 17, Problem 74c

A solution of Na₂SO₄ is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba²⁺(aq) and 0.010 M in Sr²⁺(aq). (c) What is the concentration of SO₄^2-(aq) when the second cation begins to precipitate?

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Identify the solubility product constants (Ksp) for the possible precipitates, BaSO4 and SrSO4. These constants help determine the solubility of each salt in water.

Write the solubility product expressions for BaSO4 and SrSO4. For BaSO4, the expression is Ksp = [Ba2+][SO42-], and for SrSO4, it is Ksp = [Sr2+][SO42-].

Calculate the concentration of SO42- required to start precipitation of BaSO4 using the initial concentration of Ba2+ and the Ksp value for BaSO4. This is done by rearranging the solubility product expression to solve for [SO42-].

Similarly, calculate the concentration of SO42- required to start precipitation of SrSO4 using the initial concentration of Sr2+ and the Ksp value for SrSO4.

Compare the calculated concentrations of SO42- for both salts. The second cation begins to precipitate at the higher of the two calculated concentrations, as it indicates the point where the solution becomes saturated with respect to that cation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

The solubility product constant (Ksp) is an equilibrium constant that applies to the solubility of ionic compounds. It represents the maximum concentration of ions in a saturated solution at a given temperature. For a salt like BaSO4 or SrSO4, Ksp values can be used to determine when the solution becomes saturated and precipitation begins, which is crucial for understanding when the second cation will precipitate.

Precipitation Reactions

Precipitation reactions occur when two soluble salts react in solution to form an insoluble compound, or precipitate. In this case, the addition of Na2SO4 introduces sulfate ions (SO4^2-) that can react with Ba^2+ and Sr^2+ ions to form BaSO4 and SrSO4, respectively. Understanding the conditions under which these precipitates form is essential for determining the concentration of sulfate ions when the second cation begins to precipitate.

Ion Concentration and Stoichiometry

Ion concentration refers to the amount of a specific ion present in a solution, typically expressed in molarity (M). Stoichiometry involves the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. In this scenario, knowing the initial concentrations of Ba^2+ and Sr^2+ allows for the calculation of the sulfate ion concentration needed to initiate the precipitation of the second cation, based on the stoichiometric ratios of the reactions.

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Open Question

A solution contains 2.0 * 10^-4 M Ag^+ (aq) and 1.5 * 10^-3 M Pb^2+ (aq). If NaI is added, will AgI (Ksp = 8.3 * 10^-17) or PbI2 (Ksp = 7.9 * 10^-9) precipitate first? Specify the concentration of I^- (aq) needed to begin precipitation.

Textbook Question

A solution of Na₂SO₄ is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba²⁺(aq) and 0.010 M in Sr²⁺(aq). (a) What concentration of SO₄^2- is necessary to begin precipitation? (Neglect volume changes. BaSO₄: Ksp = 1.1⨉10^-10; SrSO₄: Ksp = 3.2⨉10^-7.)

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Textbook Question

A solution of Na₂SO₄ is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba²⁺(aq) and 0.010 M in Sr²⁺(aq). (b) Which cation precipitates first?

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Open Question

A solution contains three anions with the following concentrations: 0.20 M CrO4^2-, 0.10 M CO3^2-, and 0.010 M Cl-. If a dilute AgNO3 solution is slowly added to the solution, what is the first compound to precipitate: Ag2CrO4 (Ksp = 1.2 * 10^-12), Ag2CO3 (Ksp = 8.1 * 10^-12), or AgCl (Ksp = 1.8 * 10^-10)?

Open Question

A 1.0 M Na2SO4 solution is slowly added to 10.0 mL of a solution that is 0.20 M in Ca2+ and 0.30 M in Ag+. (a) Which compound will precipitate first: CaSO4 (Ksp = 2.4 * 10^-5) or Ag2SO4 (Ksp = 1.5 * 10^-5)?

Textbook Question

A solution containing several metal ions is treated with dilute HCl; no precipitate forms. The pH is adjusted to about 1, and H₂S is bubbled through. Again, no precipitate forms. The pH of the solution is then adjusted to about 8. Again, H₂S is bubbled through. This time a precipitate forms. The filtrate from this solution is treated with (NH₄)₂HPO₄. No precipitate forms. Which of these metal cations are either possibly present or definitely absent: Al³⁺, Na⁺, Ag⁺, Mg²⁺?

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A solution of Na2SO4 is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba2+(aq) and 0.010 M in Sr2+(aq). (c) What is the concentration of SO42-(aq) when the second cation begins to precipitate?

Verified Solution

Key Concepts

Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

Precipitation Reactions

Ion Concentration and Stoichiometry

A solution of Na₂SO₄ is added dropwise to a solution that is 0.010 M in Ba²⁺(aq) and 0.010 M in Sr²⁺(aq). (c) What is the concentration of SO₄^2-(aq) when the second cation begins to precipitate?