State whether each sentence is true or false: (b) Metals have high electrical conductivities because they are denser than other solids.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the property in question: electrical conductivity in metals.
2. Understand the relationship between density and electrical conductivity. Density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, while electrical conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct electric current.
3. Recognize that the electrical conductivity in metals is primarily due to the presence of free electrons that can move easily throughout the metal lattice.
4. Consider whether the density of a metal directly influences its ability to conduct electricity. Note that while metals are generally dense, their electrical conductivity is more closely related to the electron configuration and bonding, rather than their density.
5. Conclude that the statement is false because the high electrical conductivity of metals is not due to their density, but rather due to the presence of delocalized electrons that facilitate the flow of electric current.

Key Concepts

Electrical Conductivity

Electrical conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct electric current. In metals, this property arises from the presence of free-moving electrons that can carry charge through the lattice structure. While density can influence conductivity, it is not the primary reason metals are good conductors.

Metallic Bonding

Metallic bonding is the type of chemical bonding that occurs in metals, characterized by a 'sea of electrons' that are delocalized and free to move. This electron mobility is what allows metals to conduct electricity efficiently. The strength of metallic bonds contributes to both the density and conductivity of metals, but density alone does not determine conductivity.

Density and Conductivity Relationship

While density can play a role in the properties of materials, it does not directly correlate with electrical conductivity. Many dense materials are not good conductors, and some less dense materials can be excellent conductors. Therefore, the statement that metals have high electrical conductivities solely because they are denser than other solids is misleading.