Naming Esters - Video Tutorials & Practice Problems
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1
concept
Rules for Naming Esters
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59s
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Now recall esters possess an oxygen atom connected to an alkyl group, so a carbon group, and a carbon chain containing a carbonyl group. So esters have this as the portion that indicates what they are. Now, esters have a unique naming system. The carbon chain with the carbonyl group is named as though it was a carboxylic acid, But it's not a carboxylic acid anymore, it's an ester, so we have to modify the ending. So we're going to modify the ending from oic acid, which is the ending of a carboxylic acid, to 08, which is now the end of the name for an ester. In terms of our naming convention, we still talk about our substituents, and we'll see how that works in terms of Esters. We'll have our parent chain where we modify the ending to 08. So keep this in mind as we start naming different types of Esters.
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example
Naming Esters Example
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3m
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Provide the systematic name for the following Esther. To do that, we're going to utilize the following steps. Step 1. We have to identify the alkyl group connected to the oxygen atom, and we're going to name the alkyl group as a substituent. Now when it comes to this alkyl group connected to our oxygen, no numerical location for the alkyl group is needed. So if we take a look here, I've highlighted the portion that's the alkyl group. So here it's a 2 Carbon alkyl group, so that's ethyl. Step 3, we identify the carbonyl chain connected to the carbonyl group. So here our carbonyl group is highlighted in yellow here. Step 4, figure out the length of the carbon chain starting from the carbonyl group. So here I've already numbered it for us, so we start here, 1, 2, 3, 4. The Carbonyl group is carbon number, as carbon number 1 is implied. Now, here we have to assign numbers, for the location of each substituent on the Carbon Chain with the Carbonyl group. So here we have as our substituent, this methyl group down here. When more than one identical substituents, we use the prefixes of 'di' for 2, Tri for 3, and Tetra for 4. So here we have a methyl group. And remember, this is our original one, the alkyl group which is ethyl. We name all substituents in alphabetical order, prefixes do not count. And here, we're going to use commas to separate numbers from numbers, and we're going to use dashes to separate letters from numbers. Now, letters are not separated from letters and this is important. Here, this is an additional step we have to take in mind, where we write the alkyl group name with spaces. K. So when it comes to writing this alkyl group that's connected to the oxygen, we write it with spaces. So let's put all this together. So e comes before m, so it's gonna be ethyl. Remember this, we write it with spaces. Then we're gonna have what? On carbon number 3 of the carbon chain, we're gonna have a methyl so 3 methyl. And then here it's a 4 carbon chain, which is butane, and as a carboxylic acid, it would have been butanoic acid. But remember, we're changing this to o 8. So it becomes butanoate. So we'd end the name with butano8. So it'd be ethyl 3 methyl butanoate, and that'd be the name of this particular ester.
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Problem
Problem
Provide the systematic name for the following ester.
A
propyl butanoate
B
butyl propanoate
C
isopropyl butanoate
D
isobutyl propanoate
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Problem
Problem
Provide the systematic name for the following ester.
A
tert-butyl 3,3-dimethylpentanoate
B
sec-butyl 3,3-dimethylpentanoate
C
tert-butyl 4,4-dimethylpentanoate
D
isopropyl 3,3-dimethylpentanoate
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Problem
Problem
If the substituent name of benzene is phenyl, which structure represents phenyl propanoate?