(c) What atomic orbitals are involved in the stacking of graphite sheets with each other?
(a) In polyvinyl chloride shown in Table 12.6, which bonds have the lowest average bond enthalpy?
Verified Solution
Key Concepts
Bond Enthalpy
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Comparative Bond Energies
Employing the bond enthalpy values listed in Table 8.4, estimate the molar enthalpy change occurring upon (c) formation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Although polyethylene can twist and turn in random ways, the most stable form is a linear one with the carbon backbone oriented as shown in the following figure:
The solid wedges in the figure indicate bonds from carbon that come out of the plane of the page; the dashed wedges indicate bonds that lie behind the plane of the page. (a) What is the hybridization of orbitals at each carbon atom? What angles do you expect between the bonds?
(b) When subjected to high pressure and heated, polyvinyl chloride converts to diamond. During this transformation which bonds are most likely to break first?
Silicon has the diamond structure with a unit cell edge length of 5.43 Å and eight atoms per unit cell. (b) Suppose you dope that 1 cm3 sample of silicon with 1 ppm of phosphorus that will increase the conductivity by a factor of a million. How many milligrams of phosphorus are required?
One method to synthesize ionic solids is by the heating of two reactants at high temperatures. Consider the reaction of FeO with TiO2 to form FeTiO3. Determine the amount of each of the two reactants to prepare 2.500 g FeTiO3, assuming the reaction goes to completion. (b) Calculate the formula weight of FeTiO3.