Determine the molecular geometry and sketch each molecule or ion using the bond conventions shown in “Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper” in Section 10.4 for the following: a. SF4 b. ClF3.

Verified step by step guidance

1. insert step 1: Determine the total number of valence electrons for each molecule.
2. insert step 2: Draw the Lewis structure for each molecule, ensuring that all atoms satisfy the octet rule where applicable.
3. insert step 3: Use the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory to determine the electron pair geometry around the central atom.
4. insert step 4: Identify the molecular geometry based on the arrangement of bonding pairs and lone pairs around the central atom.
5. insert step 5: Sketch the molecular geometry using the bond conventions, indicating the positions of atoms and lone pairs.

Key Concepts

VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. According to VSEPR, electron pairs will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes. This theory is essential for determining the 3D arrangement of atoms in molecules like SF4 and ClF3.

Molecular Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom. Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting the physical and chemical properties of a substance, as well as its reactivity and interaction with other molecules.

Bonding Conventions

Bonding conventions are standardized methods used to represent molecular structures on paper, including the use of lines to depict bonds and symbols for lone pairs. These conventions help in visualizing the arrangement of atoms and the types of bonds (single, double, or triple) present in a molecule. Familiarity with these conventions is necessary for accurately sketching molecular geometries as required in the question.