Which ion most readily leaks across a neuron's membrane, helping to establish the resting potential?

Key Concepts

Resting Potential

Resting potential refers to the electrical charge difference across a neuron's membrane when it is not actively transmitting a signal. This potential is typically around -70 mV and is maintained by the distribution of ions, particularly sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), across the membrane. The resting potential is crucial for the generation of action potentials, which are necessary for neuronal communication.

Ion Channels

Ion channels are protein structures embedded in the cell membrane that allow specific ions to pass in and out of the neuron. These channels can be voltage-gated or leak channels, with leak channels being responsible for the passive movement of ions, such as potassium (K+), which predominantly leaks out of the neuron, contributing to the resting potential. The selective permeability of these channels is vital for maintaining the resting state of the neuron.

Potassium Ions (K+)

Potassium ions (K+) are the primary ions that leak across the neuron's membrane, significantly influencing the resting potential. Due to a higher concentration of K+ inside the neuron compared to the outside, K+ ions tend to diffuse out through leak channels. This efflux of K+ contributes to the negative charge inside the neuron, establishing the resting potential and preparing the neuron for potential action potentials.