Alzheimer's disease is a common form of dementia affecting millions of people, especially the elderly. Two regions of the brain are particularly affected, often shrinking dramatically and accumulating large deposits of extracellular material. Based on your knowledge of memory, what two brain regions do you think these are? Explain.

Key Concepts

Hippocampus

The hippocampus is a critical brain structure involved in the formation of new memories and spatial navigation. In Alzheimer's disease, this region often experiences significant atrophy, leading to difficulties in learning and recalling information. Its deterioration is one of the earliest signs of the disease, impacting both short-term and long-term memory.

Cerebral Cortex

The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions, including reasoning, problem-solving, and memory. In Alzheimer's disease, the cortex can shrink, particularly in areas associated with language and complex thought. This degeneration contributes to the cognitive decline and behavioral changes observed in affected individuals.

Extracellular Deposits

Extracellular deposits, such as amyloid plaques, are abnormal protein aggregates found in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. These deposits disrupt cell communication and trigger inflammatory responses, leading to neuronal damage and death. The accumulation of these plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and is closely linked to the progression of cognitive decline.