Chapter 41, Problem 10
Why did separate systemic and pulmonary circulations evolve in species that have the high-pressure circulatory system required for rapid movement of blood?
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Carp are fishes that thrive in stagnant-water habitats with low oxygen partial pressure. Compared with the hemoglobin of many other fish species, carp hemoglobin has an extremely high affinity for O2. Draw an oxygen–hemoglobin equilibrium curve showing separate lines for carp and a fish that lives in water with a higher oxygen partial pressure. Explain why they differ.
Explain why a person who survives a myocardial infarction might need to have an artificial pacemaker implanted.
Predict how Antarctic icefish can transport enough oxygen in their blood to meet their needs even though they lack hemoglobin.
During exercise, the cardiovascular system must supply muscles with large amounts of oxygen and fuel and get rid of a lot of wastes. How do the cardiovascular systems of athletes respond to prolonged exercise? During athletic training, the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve a. shifts to the right, unloading more oxygen to tissues. b. shifts to the right, unloading less oxygen to tissues. c. shifts to the left, unloading more oxygen to tissues. d. shifts to the left, unloading less oxygen to tissues.
During exercise, the cardiovascular system must supply muscles with large amounts of oxygen and fuel and get rid of a lot of wastes. How do the cardiovascular systems of athletes respond to prolonged exercise? When athletes exercise, what is the primary physiological variable responsible for their sustained increase in ventilation rate? a. decreased blood PO2 b. increased blood PCO2 c. increased blood pH d. increased body temperature
During exercise, the cardiovascular system must supply muscles with large amounts of oxygen and fuel and get rid of a lot of wastes. How do the cardiovascular systems of athletes respond to prolonged exercise? Researchers used echocardiography, a sonogram of the heart, to estimate the mass of the left ventricle in current athletes, non-athletes, and ex-athletes. The data are graphed below (*** means P<0.001, and the P value comparing non-athletes and ex-athletes is >0.05). What conclusion can be drawn from the graph?