Textbook Question
Describe the three phases of the Calvin cycle and how the products of the light-capturing reactions participate in this process.
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Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 10, Problem 9a
Predict how the following conditions would affect the production of O2, ATP, and NADPH and state whether noncyclic or cyclic electron flow would occur in each:
(1) Only blue photons hit a chloroplast
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the role of light in photosynthesis: Photosynthesis occurs in two main stages, the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light-dependent reactions require light to produce ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose.
Identify the significance of blue light: Blue photons have a shorter wavelength and higher energy compared to other colors in the visible spectrum. Chlorophyll, the primary pigment in chloroplasts, absorbs blue light efficiently, which can enhance the light-dependent reactions.
Determine the effect on noncyclic electron flow: In noncyclic electron flow, electrons move from water to NADP+, forming NADPH, and oxygen is released as a byproduct. The absorption of blue photons can increase the efficiency of this process, leading to increased production of O2, ATP, and NADPH.
Consider the possibility of cyclic electron flow: Cyclic electron flow involves only photosystem I and results in the production of ATP without the formation of NADPH or O2. If the energy from blue photons is sufficient to meet the ATP demand, cyclic electron flow might occur to balance the ATP/NADPH ratio.
Conclude the overall effect: With only blue photons, the chloroplast is likely to experience enhanced noncyclic electron flow due to the efficient absorption of blue light by chlorophyll, resulting in increased production of O2, ATP, and NADPH. However, if there is an excess of ATP needed, cyclic electron flow might also occur to adjust the ATP/NADPH balance.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. It occurs in chloroplasts and involves two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light-dependent reactions use sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the Calvin cycle to synthesize glucose.
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05:58
Pigments of Photosynthesis
Light-dependent Reactions
Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and are initiated by the absorption of light by chlorophyll. These reactions produce ATP and NADPH while releasing oxygen as a byproduct. The process involves two types of electron flow: noncyclic, which produces both ATP and NADPH, and cyclic, which produces only ATP and is used when NADPH is in excess.
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Electron Flow in Photosynthesis
Electron flow in photosynthesis can be cyclic or noncyclic. Noncyclic electron flow involves both Photosystem I and II, leading to the production of ATP, NADPH, and O2. Cyclic electron flow involves only Photosystem I and results in ATP production without NADPH or O2. The type of electron flow depends on the light conditions and the energy needs of the plant, with blue light typically favoring noncyclic flow due to its high energy.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Apply what you know of the relationship between the light-capturing reactions and the Calvin cycle to calculate the number of photons used to produce a new G3P and regenerate RuBP. (Assume 1 ATP is produced for each pair of electrons used to form NADPH.)
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Textbook Question
Which of the following correctly identify a role of the ATP produced in the light-capturing reactions? Select True or False for each statement.
T/F It is used by rubisco to fix CO2 to RuBP.
T/F It serves the same role as ATP produced by mitochondria.
T/F It is used to regenerate RuBP from G3P molecules.
T/F It is used to produce G3P molecules
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Textbook Question
Predict how the following conditions would affect the production of O2, ATP, and NADPH and state whether noncyclic or cyclic electron flow would occur in each:
(2) blue and red photons hit a chloroplast, but no NADP+ is available
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Textbook Question
Predict how the following conditions would affect the production of O2, ATP, and NADPH and state whether noncyclic or cyclic electron flow would occur in each:
(3) blue and red photons hit a chloroplast, but a proton channel has been introduced into the thylakoid membrane, so it is fully permeable to protons.
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Textbook Question
An investigator exposes chloroplasts to 700-nm photons and observes low O2 production, but high ATP production. Which of the following best explains this observation?
a. The electrons from water are directly transferred to NADP+, which is used to generate ATP.
b. Photosystem II is not splitting water, and the ATP is being produced by cycling electrons via photosystem I.
c. The O2 is being converted to water as a terminal electron acceptor in the production of ATP.
d. Electron transport has stopped and ATP is being produced by the Calvin cycle.
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