Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? a. mitochondrion b. ribosome c. nuclear envelope d. chloroplast

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell: Prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells. They do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
2. Analyze each option: a. Mitochondrion and d. Chloroplast are both membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells, not in prokaryotic cells.
3. Consider option c. Nuclear envelope: This surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, which prokaryotic cells do not have.
4. Evaluate option b. Ribosome: Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and are responsible for protein synthesis.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is b. ribosome, as it is the only component listed that is found in prokaryotic cells.

Key Concepts

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. They are characterized by their small size and the presence of a single circular DNA molecule. Common examples include bacteria and archaea, which thrive in various environments and play crucial roles in ecosystems.

Ribosomes

Ribosomes are essential cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. They can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and they translate messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains. In prokaryotes, ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm, facilitating rapid protein production.

Cellular Organelles

Cellular organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform distinct functions. In eukaryotic cells, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are membrane-bound, while prokaryotic cells lack these organelles. Understanding the differences in organelle presence helps distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types.