What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity? a. overharvesting of commercially important species b. habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction c. introduced species that compete with native species d. novel pathogens

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the question. The question is asking for the single greatest threat to biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
2. Step 2: Analyze the options. Option a. overharvesting of commercially important species, refers to the excessive hunting, fishing, or gathering of a particular species to the point where its population cannot recover. This can indeed be a threat to biodiversity, but it is usually localized to specific species.
3. Step 3: Continue analyzing the options. Option b. habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction, refers to changes in the environment where species live. This can be due to human activities like deforestation, urbanization, or climate change. This is a major threat to biodiversity as it affects all species living in an ecosystem, not just one or a few.
4. Step 4: Analyze the remaining options. Option c. introduced species that compete with native species, refers to the introduction of non-native species to an ecosystem. These species can outcompete native species for resources, leading to a decrease in biodiversity. Option d. novel pathogens, refers to new diseases that can wipe out species. While this can be a threat, it is not as widespread or as impactful as habitat destruction.
5. Step 5: Choose the correct answer. Based on the analysis, the single greatest threat to biodiversity is b. habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction, as it has the most widespread and significant impact on all species in an ecosystem.

Key Concepts

Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, encompassing the diversity of species, ecosystems, and genetic variations within species. It is crucial for ecosystem resilience, providing essential services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. High biodiversity contributes to the stability and productivity of ecosystems, making it vital for human survival and well-being.

Habitat Alteration and Destruction

Habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction involve changes to natural environments that can severely impact wildlife and plant populations. This can result from urban development, agriculture, and deforestation, leading to loss of habitat and resources for many species. Such changes can disrupt ecological balance, leading to declines in biodiversity and the extinction of vulnerable species.

Invasive Species

Invasive species are non-native organisms that, when introduced to a new environment, can outcompete, prey on, or bring diseases to native species. They often thrive in their new habitats due to a lack of natural predators, leading to significant ecological and economic impacts. The presence of invasive species can disrupt local ecosystems, reduce biodiversity, and alter habitat structures.