Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely a. an animal cell in the process of cytokinesis. b. a plant cell in the process of cytokinesis. c. a bacterial cell dividing. d. a plant cell in metaphase.
Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle
Chapter 12, Problem 2
Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to a. disruption of mitotic spindle formation. b. suppression of cyclin production. c. myosin denaturation and inhibition of cleavage furrow formation. d.inhibition of DNA synthesis.
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Understand the role of microtubules in cell division: Microtubules are essential components of the cytoskeleton and play a crucial role in forming the mitotic spindle during cell division.
Recognize the function of the mitotic spindle: The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating chromosomes into daughter cells during mitosis. It is composed of microtubules.
Connect the drug's action to its effect: Vinblastine interferes with the assembly of microtubules, which would directly impact the formation and function of the mitotic spindle.
Analyze the options given: Since vinblastine affects microtubule assembly, the most directly related option to this action would be the disruption of mitotic spindle formation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Microtubules and Mitotic Spindle
Microtubules are dynamic structures made of tubulin proteins that play a crucial role in cell division. They form the mitotic spindle, which is essential for separating chromosomes during mitosis. Disruption of microtubule assembly by drugs like vinblastine can prevent proper spindle formation, leading to cell cycle arrest and ultimately cell death, which is a key mechanism in cancer treatment.
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Cell Cycle Regulation
The cell cycle is regulated by various proteins, including cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclins are responsible for the progression through different phases of the cell cycle. Suppression of cyclin production can lead to cell cycle arrest, but vinblastine primarily acts by disrupting microtubule dynamics rather than directly affecting cyclin levels.
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Chemotherapy Mechanisms
Chemotherapy drugs like vinblastine target specific cellular processes to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. While some drugs inhibit DNA synthesis or affect other cellular structures, vinblastine specifically disrupts microtubule formation, which is critical for mitosis. Understanding these mechanisms helps in predicting the effectiveness and side effects of cancer treatments.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
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Textbook Question
One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells a. are unable to synthesize DNA. b. are arrested at the S phase of the cell cycle. c. continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together. d. cannot function properly because they are affected by density-dependent inhibition.
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Textbook Question
The decline of MPF activity at the end of mitosis is due to a. the destruction of the protein kinase Cdk. b. decreased synthesis of Cdk. c. the degradation of cyclin. d. the accumulation of cyclin.
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Textbook Question
In the cells of some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. This will result in a. cells with more than one nucleus. b. cells that are unusually small. c. cells lacking nuclei. d. cell cycles lacking an S phase.
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