Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissues. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were a. totipotent. b. determined. c. differentiated. d. mesenchymal.

Video transcript

welcome back. Our next question says cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog are fully determined to and our choices are developed into the gut development and nervous tissues develop into the anus or develop into the mouth. Well from a test taking perspective. Always a good idea to look over your all your answers at once. Quickly to see if anything can be eliminated right away and we might notice that three of these answers A gut, see anus and D. Mouth are all parts of the digestive system. We have cells from the neural tube, only a single answer. B has nervous tissues as its um as a dancer. So if we were on a test we could use this to quickly eliminate A C. And D. And we have sort of an express route to our answer. Be development and nervous tissues. But let's delve into a better explanation of why this is the case. So when we talk about um cells being determined we're talking about embryonic development and we know that we start with um in our zygote we have this toady potent zygote. All the cells in it can become any type of cell in the body. And let's start with one of these two potent cells it can become you know one of three different types of cells as we look at our three layers are ectodermal are measured ERM and are endowed ERM. So now instead of cells that can become any type of cell, we have you know three different types of cells and then these go on to keep dividing and you know becoming more different from each other. These are not even divisions. There are cytoplasmic factors that begin to affect which genes will be expressed in each of these types of cells. So they are transcription factors um Certain genes turned on or off that start to make these cells different from each other. So when we say cells are determined, we mean they're already genetically predestined to become a certain type of cell. They no longer have the option to become something else. So as a result if these cells were in the neural tube and we transplant them somewhere else, it doesn't matter where we put them because they already have been affected genetically to become a certain type of cell. They will do that no matter where they are. So they will not become a digestive system cell and gut anus or mouth. They will develop into nervous tissues. So Choice B. Is our answer. Thanks for watching. See you in the next video.